A city has developed a plan to provide for future municipal water needs. The plan proposes an aqueduct that passes through 150 meters of tunnel in a nearby mountain. Two alternatives are being considered. The first proposes to build a full-capacity tunnel now for $556 000. The second proposes to build a half capacity tunnel now and a second identical half-capacity tunnel in 20 years. Each of half capacity tunnel costs $402 000. The maintenance cost of the tunnel lining for the full-capacity tunnel is $40 000 every 10 years, and for each half-capacity tunnel it is $32 000 every 10 years. The friction losses in the half-capacity tunnel will be greater than if the full-capacity tunnel were built. The estimated additional pumping costs for each half-capacity tunnel will be $2 000 per year. Using present worth method and a 7% interest rate, which alternative should be selected? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion

Q1: Three mutually exclusive alternatives X, Y, and Z are being considered as a permanent solution to an assembly line bottleneck. The data are: [6 marks] Initial Costa Annual Benefit Useful Life (years) Y Z $10k $15k $20k 1.6k 5 1.5k 1.9k 10 15 ⚫ As a prefix in SI units, k is an acronym for kilo, meaning 1,000. Assuming zero salvage value and an annually compounded interest rate of 8% per year, which alternative should be selected based on the AW-criterion. ( Show detailed calculations). Q2: Find out the capitalized cost of a certain investment based on the following: [4 marks] 1. An initial deposit of $100,000 2. Recurring payments of $10,000 each 6 years starting by the end of the first year for infinity. 3. Annual uniform payments of $2,000 starting by the end of year 10 for infinity. Use Interest rate = 6%

1.) Clinix is considering four independent projects. Given: All the projects will be economically viable for only 10 years; Company’s MARR = 12% per year Find: Which project should be selected based on a present worth analysis. *Note* Financial values are in $1,000 units. Project A Project B Project C Project D First Cost ($) -2,700 -1,400 -10,000 -9,500 Annual Net Profit ($/year) 800 1,200 2,400 3,200 Salvage Value ($) 25 30 45 60

Problem 03.056 Shifted Decreasing Gradients The City of San Antonio is considering various options for providing water in its 50-year plan, including desalting. One brackish aquifer is expected to yield desalted water that will generate revenue of $4.1 million per year for the first 4 years, after which less production will decrease revenue by 10% per year each year. If the aquifer will be totally depleted in 25 years, what is the present worth of the desalting option revenue at an interest rate of 6% per year? The present worth of the desalting option revenue at an interest rate of 6% per year is determined to be $

am. 175.

You are weighing the economics of installing a triple-glazed energy efficient window system in your building. The following life cycle costs and savings are provided. The study period is 25 years, and the discount rate is 10%. Is this an economically viable approach based on the Savings-to-Investment Ratio (SIR)? Triple- Glazed Energy Efficient Windows: Window Quantity takeoff: 10000 sf Initial Cost: $100/sf Annual Operating Costs: $2.5/sf Annual Energy Saving: $10/sf

Use Formula, not the table.  Your company is environmentally conscious and is looking at two heating options for a new researchbuilding. What you know about each option is below, and your company will use an annual interest rate of 8%for this decision: Gas Heating Option: The initial equipment and installment of the natural gas system would cost $225,000 rightnow. The maintenance costs of the equipment are expected to be $2,000 per year, starting next year, for eachof the next 20 years. The energy cost is expected to be $5,000, starting next year, and is expected to rise by 5%per year for each of the next 20 years due to the price of natural gas increasing. Geothermal Heating Option: Because of green energy incentives provided by the government, the geothermalequipment and installation are expected to cost only $200,000 right now, which is cheaper than the gas lines.There would be no energy cost with geothermal, but because this is a relatively newer technology, themaintenance costs…

6-53. A set of four "100-year," sixty (60) watt light bulbs costs $24.95. If H equals the annual number of hours the bulb is used, each bulb provides 100H hours of light, and the efficiency of each bulb is 80%. A set of four, sixty (60) watt standard bulbs costs $2.60. Each standard bulb provides H hours of light and the efficiency of each bulb is 95%. If the cost of electricity is $0.0574/kWh, how many hours of operation each year will make the costs of the two types of bulb breakeven? Your personal MARR is 5% per year. Assume repeatability. State other realistic assumptions you must make.

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