(a) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the mean amount of time that it takes to make a pourover against the mean amount of time it takes to make a red-eye. Can you conclude that making the espresso shot adds a significant amount to the mean time it takes for the preparation? (b) State all of the assumptions that are needed to calculate this confidence interval. EC Show that vS/o² is a pivotal quantity for the population variance of coffee preparation times assumed to be common to both populations, where S? is the pooled sample variance, v is an appropriate number of degrees of freedom, and o? is the unknown population variance. Use the pivotal method to obtain a 90% confidence interval on o?.
Permutations and Combinations
If there are 5 dishes, they can be relished in any order at a time. In permutation, it should be in a particular order. In combination, the order does not matter. Take 3 letters a, b, and c. The possible ways of pairing any two letters are ab, bc, ac, ba, cb and ca. It is in a particular order. So, this can be called the permutation of a, b, and c. But if the order does not matter then ab is the same as ba. Similarly, bc is the same as cb and ac is the same as ca. Here the list has ab, bc, and ac alone. This can be called the combination of a, b, and c.
Counting Theory
The fundamental counting principle is a rule that is used to count the total number of possible outcomes in a given situation.
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