A brass specimen of the circular cross-section is fractured at 147 kN force and the final length of the specimen at fracture is 46 mm. The fracture strength of the specimen is found to be 79 kN/mm?. The percentage of elongation of the specimen is 41 %. Determine the following (1) Diameter of the specimen, ( i) Initial length of the specimen,( ii) Stress under an elastic load of 13 kN, (* iv) Young's Modulus if the elongation is 1.3 mm at 13 kN ( (v) Final diameter if the percentage of reduction in area is 29 %. (
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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