
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Transcribed Image Text:## Phase Diagram Analysis
### Explanation
The diagram presented is a phase diagram illustrating the states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. Key elements of the diagram include distinct regions labelled for each phase, phase boundaries, a triple point, and a critical point.
### Diagram Details
- **Axes:**
- The vertical axis represents **Pressure**.
- The horizontal axis represents **Temperature**.
- **Regions:**
- The **Solid** phase is labeled as Region A.
- The **Liquid** phase is labeled as Region B.
- The **Gas** phase is labeled as Region C.
- **Key Points:**
- **Triple Point:** This is where all three phases coexist. It is marked on the diagram with a specific pressure (\(P_{tp} = 516 \, \text{mm Hg}\)) and temperature (\(T_{tp} = -189.3^\circ \text{C}\)).
- **Critical Point:** The diagram also shows a critical point at the far end of the liquid-gas boundary, beyond which the distinction between liquid and gas phases ceases.
### Phase Transitions
- **Solid to Liquid Transition:**
- At constant pressure \(P_e = 48 \, \text{atm}\), increasing temperature will cause a transition from Solid (Point A) to Liquid (Point B).
- **Liquid to Gas Transition:**
- At constant temperature \(T_c = -122^\circ \text{C}\), decreasing pressure will transition the state from Liquid (Point B) to Gas (Point C).
This phase diagram effectively illustrates the conditions under which different phases of matter exist for a given substance, aiding in understanding phase transitions under varying thermal and pressure circumstances.
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