A 7.9-m-long steel [E = 195 GPa] pipe column has an outside diameter of 229 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm. The column is supported only at its ends and it may buckle in any direction. Calculate the critical load Per for the following end conditions: (a) pinned-pinned. (b) fixed-free. (c) fixed-pinned. (d) fixed-fixed. Answers: (a) Pcr = (b) Pcr = (c) Pcr = (d) Pcr = i i i i 10069 5035 14385 20139 kN. kN. kN. kN.

Quality has been defined as customer satisfaction (or "fitness for use"). Quality can also be defined as "conformance to specifications". In theory, if you create the right specifications and then manufacture a product that meets these specifications, you should achieve customer satisfaction.  Consider the following four scenarios for a particular product: A) Conforms to specifications and is competitive in its adequacy.   B) Conforms to specifications and is not competitive in its suitability.    C) It does not conform to specifications and is competitive in its education.   D) Does not conform to specifications and is not competitive in its education.   Which of these are not, in theory, feasible, but in practice occur and cause a lot of conceptual confusion?  Can you cite some examples?

As an engineer responsible for monitoring works in the area of ​​mechanical systems, you must evaluate the following situation: a large client in the retail area has a refrigeration system where it stores some chilled or frozen products to be sold on the sales floor.Recently, the customer's maintenance department has been questioning the system's performance and requested an evaluation of the system's behavior. You went to the location and requested some information from the maintenance manager about the system, who provided the following data: - The system operates with R-134a refrigerant;- The refrigerated environment is maintained at 0°C and the external environment at 26°C;- The refrigerant flow rate in the system is 0.08 kg/s; In addition to the data provided, you carried out some tests and measured the temperature of the refrigerant fluid at some specific points in the system, such as the compressor inlet and condenser outlet, finding values ​​of 0°C and 26°C respectively.…

A CNC milling machine has a purchase price of £120,000 and it is considered from an accounting standpoint to be depreciated to zero value over a period of 5 years. If the machine is to be used for 2 shifts with each shift working for 37 hours/ week and 45 weeks/ year. What is the machine cost/ hr which must be charged in order to amortise/repay the costs over the 5 year period? To make the calculation simpler, you can assume that over the 5 year period you will be required to pay back 8% interest on the sum borrowed. Express your answer in § / hour rounded up to the nearest penny