A 30year old male patient who was a contractor and building inspector in the Greater Accra region complained of difficulty breathing and was admitted to the hospital with severe respiratory disease. The physician noted a high fever and cough. Two days before, the patient had inspected an old warehouse abondoned and infested with rodents. The patient was given intravenous antibodies, but 2 days into therapy the pneumonia worsened and he developed pulmonary edema. a. Which organisms should be suspected of causing this illness? b. Which organisms should be suspected of causing this illness ? c. Outline the steps involved in gram staining. d. Why is testing for rhesus factor ( Rh) antigens and antibodies different from ABO testing.

You are working in a lab studying Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of necrotizing fasciitiis.  You have an overnight culture that you want to know the starting concentration of, so do a set of six 1:10 serial dilutions (putting 1 mL from the stock into a 9 mL blank), with tube #1 being 1:10, #2 is 1:100, etc.    You plate 0.1 mL from tube 5 onto a blood agar plate and the next morning count 134 colonies.  How many bacteria (measured in CFU/mL) were in the overnight culture flask? A. 1.34 x 10^4 CFU/mL B. 1.34 x 10^5 CFU/mL C. 1.34 x 10^6 CFU/mL D. 1.34 x 10^7 CFU/mL E. 1.34 x 10^8 CFU/mL F. cannot tell based on the data given - you'd need to know the volume of the original culture flask

Why test that mice infected with B. anthracis produce antibodies to the S-layer proteins? What is the point, what does it tell us? (figure 6) I need help finding the answer in the article and answer as short a possible  link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/

Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)

Part A) What barrier was breached by the pathogen? Part B) Describe how that barrier works and how it can prevent mom's pathogens from infecting the fetus. A tiny 1-kg (2.2-pound) female neonate (newborn) was born two months premature. The baby had extreme difficulty breathing and had to be intubated (a breathing tube inserted). The mother, at the time of admission, had complained of mild diarrhea and abnormal abdominal pain unrelated to her pregnancy. The infectious disease doctor who was called in to consult on the case immediately recognized the likely problem and ordered blood cultures be performed on the infant. The infant was also started on intravenous antibiotics. Two days later, the lab reported finding a Gram-positive bacillus-Listeria monocytogenes-in the infant's blood. This same organism was the cause of the mother's diarrhea. The mother had unwittingly ingested some unpasteurized cheese contaminated with this pathogen and developed listeriosis. The organism entered the…

A patient is diagnosed with malignant Hymenolepis nana and HIV. The patient's CD4 cell count is 28 cells per cubic millimeter and the patient is nonadherent to HIV drugs. Why or why not would praziquantel be effective in this case?

Which of the following pathogens is the LEAST virulent?   1. Microbe B, ID50 =  1,000 cells 2. Microbe D, ID50 =  10 cells 3. None of the other four answers (Cannot be determined from information provided) 4. Microbe C, ID50 =  100 cells  5. Microbe A, ID50 =  100,000 cells

Explain why a tuberculin skin test on an AIDS (acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome) patient with tuberculosis may show a negative result.

A patient is diagnosed with malignant Hymenolepis nana and HIV. The patient's CD4 cell count is 28 cells per cubic millimeter and the patient is nonadherent to HIV drugs. Why or why not would albendazole be effective in this case?

1. A patient feels sick and gets the following symptoms: fever, severe cough, sore throat and sneezing. (a) If this is a suspected case of bacterial infection, suggest the type of specimen that should be collected from the patient and a staining technique that can be used for identification of the pathogen. Based on the above symptoms, suggest the most possible causing organism. (b) Sore throat symptom is one the possible results of second line of defense. Which type of second line defense is involved? State the three stages of this second line defense. (c) Describe the three possible ways that this pathogen can be transmitted from person to person and suggest one preventive measure against this infection.