Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Micelles and Biological Membrane
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### Reaction Mechanism and Curved-Arrow Notation #### Initial Reaction Structures (Reactants) - **Molecule A**: - Structure: A carboxylic acid group with an additional single bonded hydrogen. - Atoms: Contains a carbon with a double-bonded oxygen (C=O) and an OH group. - Additional Groups: The carbon is bonded to a propyl group (CH2-CH2-CH3). - **Molecule B**: - Structure: A carbonyl group with no additional hydrogens bonded to the carbon. - Atoms: Contains a carbon double-bonded to oxygen (C=O) with a single lone pair. #### Final Reaction Structures (Products) - **Molecule C**: - Structure: Similar to Molecule B with a carboxylic acid structure. - Atoms: Has a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen (C=O). - Additional Groups: Remains bonded to the same propyl group (CH2-CH2-CH3). - **Molecule D**: - Structure: Similar to an alcohol with no charge. - Atoms: Contains an OH group with a hydrogen atom bonded. #### Curved-Arrow Notation - **Description**: The diagram below the reaction equation illustrates the electron flow using curved-arrow notation. - **Electron Flow**: - A curved arrow starts from the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen of Molecule A's OH group. - The arrow points towards the hydrogen atom, indicating that the lone pair is forming a bond with the hydrogen. - Another curved arrow starts from the bond between the hydrogen and oxygen in the OH group, pointing towards the oxygen in Molecule B, indicating the transfer of the hydrogen atom. This notation shows the movement of electrons during the reaction, facilitating the conversion of reactants to products. Understanding this visual representation is crucial for deciphering reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Mechanism and Curved-Arrow Notation #### Initial Reaction Structures (Reactants) - **Molecule A**: - Structure: A carboxylic acid group with an additional single bonded hydrogen. - Atoms: Contains a carbon with a double-bonded oxygen (C=O) and an OH group. - Additional Groups: The carbon is bonded to a propyl group (CH2-CH2-CH3). - **Molecule B**: - Structure: A carbonyl group with no additional hydrogens bonded to the carbon. - Atoms: Contains a carbon double-bonded to oxygen (C=O) with a single lone pair. #### Final Reaction Structures (Products) - **Molecule C**: - Structure: Similar to Molecule B with a carboxylic acid structure. - Atoms: Has a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen (C=O). - Additional Groups: Remains bonded to the same propyl group (CH2-CH2-CH3). - **Molecule D**: - Structure: Similar to an alcohol with no charge. - Atoms: Contains an OH group with a hydrogen atom bonded. #### Curved-Arrow Notation - **Description**: The diagram below the reaction equation illustrates the electron flow using curved-arrow notation. - **Electron Flow**: - A curved arrow starts from the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen of Molecule A's OH group. - The arrow points towards the hydrogen atom, indicating that the lone pair is forming a bond with the hydrogen. - Another curved arrow starts from the bond between the hydrogen and oxygen in the OH group, pointing towards the oxygen in Molecule B, indicating the transfer of the hydrogen atom. This notation shows the movement of electrons during the reaction, facilitating the conversion of reactants to products. Understanding this visual representation is crucial for deciphering reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry.
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