9. Complete the following table. In the final column, calculate the sum of the superscripts for the full electron configuration. symbol atomic # # of electrons sum of superscripts Be CI Na P How do the atomic number, the number of electrons, and the sum of the superscripts relate to each other? ●

7. The following shapes each represent an orbital of an atom in a hypothetical universe. The small circle is the location of the nucleus in each orbital. a) If you placed an electron in each orbital, which one would be higher in energy? b) When an electron makes a transition from the orbital represented on the right to the orbital on the left, would you expect energy to be absorbed or released? c) Draw a sketch of an orbital of the same type that would be higher in energy than either of the two pictured orbitals.

What is one way to describe the modern understanding of the location of electrons in an atom?

Enter the number of electrons in each energy level (shell) for each of the elements. If the energy level does not contain any electrons, enter a 0. It may help to refer to the periodic table.   S: ?=1   ?=2   ?=3   n=4   Ca: n=1   n=2   ?=3

Why are there 8 in most electron shells but only two in the first one?

Enter the number of electrons in each energy level (shell) for each of the elements. If the energy level does not contain any electrons, enter a 0.

Look at the following orbital diagram. What principles/rules does it break? Explain. 1s 2s 2p

Below are the first 6 ionization energies for an element in kJ/mol. IE1 IE2 IE3 IE4 IEA IE5 IE, 578 1817 11577 14842 18379 2745 Identify the element. A. o aluminum B. o sodium C. o phosphorus D. o magnesium Е. silicon

4. Calcium has 20 electrons in total. The ionization energy for the first 18 have been graphed below. Provide appropriate labels for the two empty boxes. IONISATION ENERGY (kJ mol¹) 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 O IE3: REMOVAL OF ELECTRON FROM 3p 1 2 3 IE 17: REMOVAL OF ELECTRON FROM 2s 4 5 6 7 NUMBER OF ELECTRONS REMOVED 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

If two electrons in the same atom have the same value of "/', they are O in the same orbital. O in different levels and in different shaped orbitals. O in the same level, but different sublevel. in the same level and sublevel. None of the above