86. What do you think would happen to a cell if minor DNA damage occurred that caused the cell to "pause" at a checkpoint during the cell cycle, and then the DNA damage could not be fixed? a. The cell would stay paused at that stage of the cell cycle indefinitely. b. This would not occur, since once initiated progression through the cell cycle cannot be stopped c. A macrophage will sense the problem and kill the cell. d. The cell would terminally differentiate. e. The cell would undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).

In order for a cell to begin to replicate its DNA: a. Lamin proteins must be phosphorylated b. p53 must be phosphorylated c. The Rb protein must be phosphorylated d. M-cyclin must bind to M-Cdk

11.The critical decision point at which a cell determines its fate at the end of the G1 phase of the cell cycle is called ----. a. transition point. b. resolution point. c. commitment point. d. restriction point. 12. In the familial form of retinoblastoma, multiple foci of tumors are seen arising in both eyes, which is not seen in sporadic form of the disease. This is because -- a. familial form of the disease progresses rapidly b. mitogenic factors trigger growth in the familial form c. all retinal cells in the familial disease carry one defective copy of the Rb gene at birth d. sporadic form has other active tumor suppressors 13. What ensures that the cell cycle moves in only one direction, e.g. from G1 → S, and not go backwards? a. the cyclin from one phase is degraded as the cell moves to the next phase b. level of the appropriate cyclin of next phase rises as the cell is about to enter that phase c. a and b d. level of appropriate CDK rises and falls at each phase e. a, b and c

38.If a chromosome contains a mutation such that it cannot bind to the kinetochore complex, what would be the consequence? A. That chromosome would not be able to be replicated. B. That chromosome would not be able to condense. C. That chromosome would not be able to bind to the mitotic spindle, D. That chromosome would not be able to interact with histone proteins. 39. The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called: A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prometaphase D. Telophase 40.A duplicate copy of all of the hereditary information contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is made during what stage of the cell cycle? A. G 1 B. S C. G2 D. Mitosis 41. Which structures indicate where crossing over has occurred? A. centromeres B. kinetochores C. chiasmata D. centrioles 42. What immediately follows meiosis 1? A. metaphase II B. prophase II C. synapsis of homologues D. crossing over of homologues 43.An allele for a particular trait that is only…

If the S phase was eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would

3. G1, S and G2 constitute the largest part of the cell cycle. Which does NOT happen during this phase? A.  DNA replicationB. Division of nucleusC. Doubling of cell sizeD. Synthesizing enzymes for mitosis

21. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis take place? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Interphase

38. What are the principal tissue stains used in histology and describe where and what color each stain? A. The hematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue, and eosin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm pink. B. The hematoxylin stains cell nuclei pink, and eosin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm blue. C. The hematoxylin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm blue, and eosin stains the cell nuclei pink. D. The hematoxylin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm pink, and eosin stains the cell nuclei blue.

1. How did your results differ from the class data for each phase of mitosis? 2. Write a brief paragraph stating whether or not your hypothesis was supported by the class data that you collected and an explanation of why/why not.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cell undergoing cellular senescence? a.Doubling in physical size b.Production of SASPs c.Atypically low NGF1-A levels d.Abnormally high rate of proliferation