8. You pour equal masses of liquid A and liquid B into a coffee - cup calorimeter. Liquid A starts at 100 °C, while liquid B starts at 50 °C. The final temperature inside the calorimeter is 80 °C. Assuming the two liquids simply mix rather than reacting, how are the two specific heats related (i.e., are they equal, or is one larger than the other - and if one is larger, which?). Explain your answer in a sentence or two.

2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. 8. 8 7 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1

Q.13 What happens if you add heat to water that is at the temperature of 100°C? Does the temperature change? Explain.

1. A cylinder containing an ideal gas is rapidly compressed as a piston is very quickly pushed down. There are 30 moles of gas. Initial values are: T₁ = 350 K, P₁ = 300 kPa. The final Temperature is Tr 400 K. a. What kind of process is this? b. How much heat is exchanged during this process? C. What is the change in thermal energy of the gas during this process? ف