8. Define "eusociality". Explain, in genetic terms, why eusociality is especially prevalent in ants. Give an example of division of labor among ants. Name two invertebrate groups other than the Hymenoptera which include eusocial species.

For the species:  Polyommatus eleniae  Use this link  : https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/173273/6983441 to answer the following  What is known about the genus? Who discovered this species? When and where was your species first discovered? What makes your species a species (what is different about them, which character etc.)? What do we know about its distribution and habitat needs?

14. Nematode Life Cycle Matching: Match each of the descriptions below with the correct nematode worm species (A-D). Note that some descriptions may not apply to any of the 4 species (in which case just write “none") and some descriptions may apply to multiple worms species (in which case write the letters of all applicable species). (A) Dirofilaria (heartworms) (B) Dracunculus (Guinea worm) (C) Ascaris (D) Hookworms 1. Life cycle includes only a single host 2. The infective stage is a free-living larva that can enter the skin directly 3. On target to become the first parasite-caused human disease to be eradicated 4. Has an arthropod intermediate host 5. Traditional treatment involves winding the female worm around a matchstick 6. Infections can be prevented by not defecating on soill improving sanitation of soil 7. Female lays eggs around the anus of the host 8. Produce microfilaria that circulate in the blood 9. Has multiple larval stages and a snail intermediate host 10. Migrate…

2. Describe, compare and contrast movements in the major annelid groups: surface crawling in polychaetes, burrowing in oligochaetes, and "inch- worming" in hirudineans. Be sure to address: means of attaching to substrate, muscles employed, and the role of parapodia, setae, and the coelom.