8. Define "eusociality". Explain, in genetic terms, why eusociality is especially prevalent in ants. Give an example of division of labor among ants. Name two invertebrate groups other than the Hymenoptera which include eusocial species.
8. Define "eusociality". Explain, in genetic terms, why eusociality is especially prevalent in ants. Give an example of division of labor among ants. Name two invertebrate groups other than the Hymenoptera which include eusocial species.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Transcribed Image Text:**Question 8: Understanding Eusociality**
**Definition and Genetic Basis**
- **Eusociality** is a social structure in which a species has:
- Cooperative brood care
- Overlapping generations within a colony of adults
- A division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups
**Prevalence in Ants**
- **Genetic Explanation**: Eusociality is prevalent in ants due to their haplodiploid genetic system, which leads to higher relatedness among colony members. This encourages cooperation and altruistic behaviors because individuals can ensure the propagation of their genes by helping relatives.
**Example of Division of Labor**
- In ants, **division of labor** can be seen in the specialized roles of workers, queens, and males. Workers typically engage in foraging, brood care, and nest maintenance, while the queen focuses on reproduction.
**Other Eusocial Invertebrates**
- Two invertebrate groups, other than the Hymenoptera (which includes ants, bees, and wasps), that contain eusocial species are:
- **Termites** (Isoptera)
- Certain **shrimp species** (e.g., snapping shrimp in the family Alpheidae)
This structure promotes efficient colony functioning and resource allocation, integral to the success of eusocial species.
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