8. A new program to help reduce childhood obesity was recently studied in Granollers, Spain. The city of Granollers has 16 primary schools that were randomly divided into two groups of 8 schools each. In one group of schools, new lesson plans were used for three hours per week that included activities focusing on healthy eating and encouraging physical activity. The families of the children at those schools were given healthy recipes and information about local parks for outdoor activities. In the other 8 schools instruction continued as normal. After two years of the program, it turned out that the average body mass index of the children at the schools with the new program was significantly lower than the average for the children at the other schools and that the amount of fresh fruit and fish in their diet and the amount of after school exercise increased significantly. a. Is this an experiment or an observational study? Explain b. The subjects and school administrators all knew which of the two comparison groups they belonged to. Describe how that might affect the results of the study c. The word "significantly in the last sentence of the paragraph indicates that the new programs are likely to be effective in other cities. B. that the differences between the children at the two groups of schools were very large. C. that the differences between the children at the two groups of schools could not be easily explained by random chance D. that the new lesson plans must have caused the differences seen.

To determine the amount of sugar in a typical serving of breakfast cereal, a student randomly selected 60 boxes of different types of cereal from the shelves of a large grocery store. The student noticed that the side panels of some of the cereal boxes showed sugar content based on one-cup servings, while others showed sugar content based on three- quarter-cup servings. Many of the cereal boxes with side panels that showed three-quarter-cup servings were ones that appealed to young children, and the student wondered whether there might be some difference in the sugar content of the cereals that showed different-size servings on their side panels. To investigate the question, the data were separated into two groups. One group consisted of 29 cereals that showed one-cup serving sizes; the other group consisted of 31 cereals that showed three-quarter cup serving sizes. The boxplots shown below display sugar content (in grams) per serving of the cereals for each of the two serving sizes.…

A consumer group wanted to determine if there was a difference in customer perceptions about prices for a specific type of toy depending on where the toy was purchased.  In the local area there are three main retailers: W-Mart, Tag, and URToy.  For each retailer, the consumer group randomly selected 5 customers, and asked them to rate how expensive they thought the toy was on a 1-to-10 scale (1= not expensive, to 10 = very expensive). The toy was priced the same at all retail stores. 1. What kind of statistical test should be used to test the consumer group's research goal, assuming that the researcher wanted to use the 1-to-10 scale as a numerical interval measure? A. Repeated-measures t-test B. One-way Independent Measures ANOVA C. Repeated-measures ANOVA D. Independent-measures t-test   2. State the hypothesis that aims to test the consumer group’s research goal (i.e., what is H0 and HA).

Amy has two ways to travel from her home in Norco to her office in Los Angeles. One is to go via the 10 Freeway, and the other is to go via 60 Freeway. In order to determine which way she should travel on a daily basis, Amy has recorded the travel times for samples of eight trips via the 10 Freeway and eight trips via the 60 Freeway. The following table gives the travel times (in minutes) for the sixteen trips:   Travel times in minutes 10 Freeway 73, 69, 72, 71, 73, 73, 72, 73 60 Freeway 80, 75, 68, 72, 73, 81, 67, 75 Assume that the two populations of travel times are normally distributed and that the population variances are equal. Can we conclude, at the  0.1  level of significance, that the mean travel times of the two routes are different? Perform a two-tailed test. Then fill in the table below. Carry your intermediate computations to at least three decimal places and round your answers as specified in the table. (If necessary, consult a list…

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