7.5 Consider a machine that costs $5000 to replace and its maintenance cost is $500 per year. The expected failure time of the machine is five years. (a) Find the optimal time to replace the machine.
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- Given Problem: A. If money is worth 17.383%, what is the Total Annual Cost of Machine B (using Annual Worth Method)? B. Which of the two machines is more economical?1. What is sensitivity analysis? 2. Perform a sensitvity analysis on the unit sales, salvage value, and WACC for a project. Assume that each of these variables deviates from its base-case, or expected value by plus or minus 10%, 20%, and 30%.The base case value for unit sales is 150,000. Calculate NPV for each case (18 NPV in total), then draw a graph with three lines (one for unit sales, one for salvage value, and one for WACC). At the end, perform a sensitivity analysis for the project (what you have seen, what conclusions you can make?). 3. What is the primary weakness of sensitvity analysis? What are its primary advantages?2. Consider the model from class showing the stock of a recyclable resource. Suppose that there are three future periods (t = 1, 2, and 3) during which the resource will be extracted for use. The initial stock (So) of the variable is 500 units, and it is optimal to extract 10 units in the first period, 20 units in the second, and 30 units in the third. Furthermore, 70% of the amount extracted each period is recycled back into the available stock. At the end of the third period. how much of the resource will be available?
- Assume a project has three variables: life, first cost, and annual cost. Assume there is no salvage value. For each variable there are three possible values as listed below. The firm uses an interest rate of 8 percent to evaluate engineering projects. For each variable, determine which value is "optimistic" and which is "pessimistic". The remaining value is "most likely". Compute each variable's estimated mean (using the "optimistic/most likely/pessimistic" formula) and using those computed mean values, compute the project's expected present value cost. First cost: -$480,000, -$620,000, -$860,000 Annual cost: -$75,000, -$85,000, -$110,000 Life: 8 years, 10 years, 24 years What is Expected Net Present Worth?Two alternatives are being considered: First cost Uniform annual benefit Useful life, in years If the minimum attractive rate of return is 7%, which alternative should be selected? Solution: 2. Terms n= 8 1. Use the increment analysis, we should use B-A ο ΔΑΞ A 3. The Increment CFD has 3 basic patterns: ο ΔΡ= ο ΔΕΞ 4. AROR= 8.32 % 5. Choose B 5400 9800 1750 1850 4 8 B occurred at end of year 4Alternatives X and Y have rates of return of 10% and 18%, respectively. What is known about the rate of return on the increment between X and Y if the investment required in Y is (a) larger than that required for X, and (b) smaller than that required for X? (c) Develop two spreadsheet examples that illustrate your responses to parts (a) and (b).
- Assume that you have obtained the following information for Asset A: Rate of Return Probability 5.5% 25% 7.25% 55% 11% 20% Compute the expected rate of return for Asset A, using the information provided in thechart above Assume that the standard deviation of the expected returns for Asset A is 1.87%. With information and the expected rate of return that you calculated for Asset A in Part A of this problem, compute the co-efficient of variation for Asset A.Consider the following two investment alternatives. Determine the range of investment costs for Alternative B (i.e., min. value < X < max. value) that will convince an investor to select Alternative B. MARR = 10% per year, and other relevant data are shown in the following table. State clearly any assumptions that are necessary to support your answer.Suppose the net present values of projects A and B show a distribution as follows. Net Present Value (TL) 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 Project A 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Project B 0.15 0.25 0.3 0.1 0.2 a) Compare the projects according to the expected value criteria? b) Compare the projects by standard deviation criteria? c) Evaluate A and B projects according to the coefficient of variation criteria?
- a. Calculate the projects’ NPVs, IRRs, MIRRs, regular paybacks, and discounted paybacks.b. If the two projects are independent, which project(s) should be chosen?c. If the two projects are mutually exclusive and the WACC is 10%, which project(s)should be chosen?d. Plot NPV profiles for the two projects. Identify the projects’ IRRs on the graph.e. If the WACC was 5%, would this change your recommendation if the projects weremutually exclusive? If the WACC was 15%, would this change your recommendation?Explain your answers.f. The crossover rate is 13.5252%. Explain what this rate is and how it affects the choicebetween mutually exclusive projects.g. Is it possible for conflicts to exist between the NPV and the IRR when independentprojects are being evaluated? Explain your answer.h. Now look at the regular and discounted paybacks. Which project looks better whenjudged by the paybacks?i. If the payback was the only method a firm used to accept or reject projects, what paybackshould it…What is the present worth equivalent of the machine considered to be the most preferred choice? (i=10%) show detailed solutionProject 1 has a return, I, of 8.4% and Project 2 has a return rate, I, of 8.1%. The incremental rate of return of Project 2 (higher first cost) compared to Project 1 (lower first cost) is 7.8%. Which project(s) should be selected of the projects are independent and the MARR= 8%?