7.3.1 Let y be a regular, but not necessarily unit-speed, cur ve on a sur- face. Prove that (with the usual notation) the normal and geodesic curvatures of y are ÿ: (N x 4) and Kg=

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We have shown in class that the acceleration of a particle can be decomposed into components that are tangential and normal to its trajector as a = kv²N+ÏT where T and N are the unit tangent vector and principal (unit) normal vector, respectively, is the length along the trajectory, v = is the speed, and is the curvature of the trajectory. The curvature is related to the radius of curvature p by k = 1/p. The plane formed by T and N is called the osculating plane, and can be thought of as the instantaneous plane of the trajectory. The unit vector B = TX N is called the binormal vector, and by definition is always perpendicular to the osculating plane. We have shown in class that both T and B are parallel to N. The torsion r(t) of the trajectory is defined by or, equivalently, by B = -TIN dB de = -T, N. (i) The concept of curvature and radius of curvature are defined by extending those con- cepts from circles to curves in general. The curvature & is defined as the rate (with respect to…