7. Which of the following is true of water in the hydration layer of proteins? a. It has a lower AS than bulk water b. It has a higher AS than bulk water c. It has a lower AH than bulk water d. It has a higher AH than bulk water e. None of the above 8. An enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate will be increased if the energy level of ES can be increased. Which of the following will not increase the energy level of ES? a. destabilization of ES by solvation b. Destabilization of ES by strain caused by non-covalent interaction between E and S c. Loss of entropy due to binding of E and S d. Destabilization of ES by distortion e. Destabilization of ES by electrostatic effects 9. The catalytic mechanism below is an example of: Mechanism O H* CH,C-0 NO CH-Co CH,C-O + HO -NO, + H* HN, a. General base catalysis b. Specific acid catalysis c. Covalent electrophilic catalysis d. Covalent nucleophilic catalysis e. None of the above

All sugar residues are in their D-isomeric forms.  The second sugar residue is an epimer of:   A. altrose at C2.   B. glucose at C3.   C. altrose at C4.   D. glucose at C4.   E. talose at C4.

Protein synthesis is which type of reaction? Group of answer choices A. ester synthesis is anabolism B. ester synthesis is catabolism C. amide synthesis is catabolism D. amide synthesis is anabolism Triglyceride synthesis is which type of reaction? Group of answer choices A. amide synthesis is anabolism B. amide synthesis is catabolism C. ester synthesis is catabolism D. ester synthesis is anabolism

15. When an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it is said to be: A. energized. B. oxidized. C. polarized. D. reduced. 16. A drug binds to the active site of an enzyme. If it is bound to the active site of the enzyme, it prevents substrate binding. This drug would be considered a(n) A. noncompetitive inhibitor. B. allosteric inhibitor. C. allosteric activator. D. competitive inhibitor. 17. If the AG of a reaction was +31.45 kJoules, which of the following is NOT true regarding this reaction? A. the products have more free energy than the reactants B. the reaction requires an energy input of 31.45 kJoules to proceed. C. The reaction is exergonic D. The reaction is endergonic 18. The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by A. decreasing the distance for diffusion B. increasing the surface area for diffusion C. increasing the concentration difference D. changing the diffusion constant 19. Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in…