7. Let 1, 2, 3, 4 be the means of FOUR normal distributions with a common, but unknown, variance, ². In order to test, at the a=.01 significance level, the hypothesis Ho 1 = 2 = 3 = 44, we take a random sample of size five from each of these distributions. Determine whether Ho should be accepted or rejected, if the following values are the observed sample values: Distribution 1 2 3 16 19 23 10 11 20 15 13 25 21 19 29 26 19 28 24 31 12 16 22 A) Show the entire ANOVA table. B) Identify the critical region C) What is your decision for the hypothesis test? Justify your decision.

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## Educational Website Content

### Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Problem

**Problem Statement:**

Let \( \mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3, \mu_4 \) be the means of four normal distributions with a common, but unknown, variance, \( \sigma^2 \). To test, at the \(\alpha = 0.01\) significance level, the hypothesis:

\[ H_0 : \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \mu_3 = \mu_4 \]

We take a random sample of size five from each of these distributions. Determine whether \( H_0 \) should be accepted or rejected, using the following observed sample values:

**Observed Sample Values:**

- Distribution 1: 12, 16, 19, 23, 10
- Distribution 2: 16, 11, 20, 15, 13
- Distribution 3: 25, 21, 19, 29, 26
- Distribution 4: 22, 19, 28, 24, 31

### Tasks:

**A) Show the entire ANOVA table.**

Construct an ANOVA table that includes the sources of variation, sum of squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, and the F-ratio.

**B) Identify the Critical Region**

Determine the critical region based on the F-distribution with the appropriate degrees of freedom and significance level (\(\alpha = 0.01\)).

**C) Decision for the Hypothesis Test**

Make a decision for the hypothesis test. Should the null hypothesis \( H_0 \) be accepted or rejected? Justify your decision based on the calculated F-ratio and the critical value.

### Additional Information:

- **Diagram** or **Graph Explanation**: No diagrams or graphs are present in the problem.
- Use statistical software or manual calculations to complete the ANOVA table and hypothesis test.
- Make sure to verify calculations for accuracy, as the problem stems from a typical scenario in statistics involving hypothesis testing using ANOVA.

This problem helps in understanding the application of ANOVA in testing the equality of means from multiple groups with a given statistical significance level.
Transcribed Image Text:## Educational Website Content ### Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Problem **Problem Statement:** Let \( \mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3, \mu_4 \) be the means of four normal distributions with a common, but unknown, variance, \( \sigma^2 \). To test, at the \(\alpha = 0.01\) significance level, the hypothesis: \[ H_0 : \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \mu_3 = \mu_4 \] We take a random sample of size five from each of these distributions. Determine whether \( H_0 \) should be accepted or rejected, using the following observed sample values: **Observed Sample Values:** - Distribution 1: 12, 16, 19, 23, 10 - Distribution 2: 16, 11, 20, 15, 13 - Distribution 3: 25, 21, 19, 29, 26 - Distribution 4: 22, 19, 28, 24, 31 ### Tasks: **A) Show the entire ANOVA table.** Construct an ANOVA table that includes the sources of variation, sum of squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, and the F-ratio. **B) Identify the Critical Region** Determine the critical region based on the F-distribution with the appropriate degrees of freedom and significance level (\(\alpha = 0.01\)). **C) Decision for the Hypothesis Test** Make a decision for the hypothesis test. Should the null hypothesis \( H_0 \) be accepted or rejected? Justify your decision based on the calculated F-ratio and the critical value. ### Additional Information: - **Diagram** or **Graph Explanation**: No diagrams or graphs are present in the problem. - Use statistical software or manual calculations to complete the ANOVA table and hypothesis test. - Make sure to verify calculations for accuracy, as the problem stems from a typical scenario in statistics involving hypothesis testing using ANOVA. This problem helps in understanding the application of ANOVA in testing the equality of means from multiple groups with a given statistical significance level.
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