7. EXCEL] Addition to retained earnings: Northwood, Inc., has revenue of $455,316, costs of $316,487, and a tax rate of 31 percent. If the firm pays out 45 percent of its earnings as dividends every year, how much earnings are retained and what is the firm's retention ratio?

Loreto Inc. has the following financial ratios: asset turnover = 2.40; net profit margin (i.e., net income/sales) = 5%; payout ratio = 30%; equity/assets = 0.40.   a. What is Loreto's sustainable growth rate? b. What is its internal growth rate?

What is Ningbo Shipping's WACC if it's after tax cost of retained earnings is 14%, and the firm's market value of debt is $40 million while the market value of it's equity is $60 million?

37. A company's annual cost of equity is 10 percent per year, the yield to maturity on its debt is 5 percent, and its marginal corporate tax rate is 40 percent. The firm has a market value of $500 million in equity and $500 million in debt. What is the company's after-tax weighted average cost of capital? A. 6.0% B. 6.5% C. 7.5% D. 10.0% 38. Which of the following is a potential use of blockchain technology? A. Developing product recommendations based on user online activity. B. Creating online videos C. Encrypting large volumes of data D. Tracking banking transactions