Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
6) What is the approximate change in the global annual average temperature anomaly over the last century 1900 – 2000?
- A. ~0.1 oC
- B. ~0.2 oC
- C. ~0.8 oC
- D. ~1.6 oC
7) Which of the following radiative forcings produce a negative forcing?
- A. Methane, Carbon Monoxide and sulphur dioxide
- B. Carbon dioxide, changes in solar irradiance and halocarbons
- C. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
- D. Aerosols, clouds and albedo due to land use changes
![Anthropogenic
Natural
sәsеб әзпочие б рехи-өм
Short lived gases and aerosols
Emitted
compound
Resulting atmospheric
drivers
CO₂
CO₂
CH
CO, HO"O, CH,
Halo-
carbons
O, CFCs HCFCs
N₂O
N₂O
CO
CO,CH, O
NMVOC CO,CH, O,
NO,
Nitrate CH O
Aerosols and
Mineral dust Sulphate Nitrate
Organic carbon Black carbon
precursors
(Mineral dust,
SO,NH.
Organic carbon
and Black carbon)
Cloud adjustments
due to aerosols
Albedo change
due to land use
Changes in
solar irradiance
Total anthropogenic
RF relative to 1750
Radiative forcing by emissions and drivers
Level of
confidence
1.68 [1.33 to 2.03] VH
0.97 [0.74 to 1.20]
H
0.18 [0.01 to 0.35]
H
0.17 [0.13 to 0.21]
VH
0.23 [0.16 to 0.30]
M
0.10 [0.05 to 0.15]
M
-0.15 [-0.34 to 0.03]
M
-0.27 [-0.77 to 0.23]
H
-0.55 [-1.33 to -0.06]
L
-0.15 [-0.25 to -0.05]
M
0.05 [0.00 to 0.10]
M
2.29 [1.13 to 3.33]
2011
H
1980
1.25 [0.64 to 1.86]
H
1950
0.57 [0.29 to 0.85]
M
-1
0
1
2
3
Radiative forcing relative to 1750 (W m-²)](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/e779c950-a70e-4610-a191-11ec3afdb7c4/f2d5eaa1-b631-4166-8e89-1fd4647997ee/iarelk8_processed.png)
Transcribed Image Text:Anthropogenic
Natural
sәsеб әзпочие б рехи-өм
Short lived gases and aerosols
Emitted
compound
Resulting atmospheric
drivers
CO₂
CO₂
CH
CO, HO"O, CH,
Halo-
carbons
O, CFCs HCFCs
N₂O
N₂O
CO
CO,CH, O
NMVOC CO,CH, O,
NO,
Nitrate CH O
Aerosols and
Mineral dust Sulphate Nitrate
Organic carbon Black carbon
precursors
(Mineral dust,
SO,NH.
Organic carbon
and Black carbon)
Cloud adjustments
due to aerosols
Albedo change
due to land use
Changes in
solar irradiance
Total anthropogenic
RF relative to 1750
Radiative forcing by emissions and drivers
Level of
confidence
1.68 [1.33 to 2.03] VH
0.97 [0.74 to 1.20]
H
0.18 [0.01 to 0.35]
H
0.17 [0.13 to 0.21]
VH
0.23 [0.16 to 0.30]
M
0.10 [0.05 to 0.15]
M
-0.15 [-0.34 to 0.03]
M
-0.27 [-0.77 to 0.23]
H
-0.55 [-1.33 to -0.06]
L
-0.15 [-0.25 to -0.05]
M
0.05 [0.00 to 0.10]
M
2.29 [1.13 to 3.33]
2011
H
1980
1.25 [0.64 to 1.86]
H
1950
0.57 [0.29 to 0.85]
M
-1
0
1
2
3
Radiative forcing relative to 1750 (W m-²)
Transcribed Image Text:temperature anomaly
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6¹
1880
annual avg.
5-yr smoothed
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
(a)......
2000
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