6 Create a concept map using the following terms/concepts: sympatric speciation, polyploid speciation, habitat differentiation, sexual selection, autopolyploid, allopolyploid. Add definitions for each term/concept and make connections where necessary.

Discuss the phenomenon of polyploidy and explicitly demonstrate how it can contribute to the process of speciation.

Species I is diploid (2 n = 8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD; related species II is diploid (2 n = 8) with chromosomes MMNNOOPP. What types of chromosome mutations do individuals with the following sets of chromosomes have? Q.AABBCCDDMNOP

Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any other taxonomic level, is supported by all of the following observational failures except: the inability of a cloning species lacking biparental reproduction to interbreed with a different species the inability of an asexual eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a sexually-reproducing eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a prokaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of an extinct species (like a dinosaur) to interbreed with a different species