Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Concept explainers

Hash Table
A hash table also called a hash map, is a data structure that maps key-value pairs. The hash table can be used in complex systems to provide fast access and compact storage. A hash table is a structure that stores data in an abstract data type kind of as…
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do NOT use any LOOPS! Do not use FOR, WHILE, ETC. Use Numpy.

**Problem 2**: Write a function `loss(x, q)` to return \(\sum_{{j=0, j \neq q}}^{{K-1}} \max(0, x_j - x_q + 1)\), where \(x\) is a 1-dimensional array of \(K\) floats, \(q\) is an integer with \(0 \leq q \leq K-1\), and \(x_j\) is the \((j + 1)\)-th element of array \(x\). **Sample**: If \(s = np.array([5, 1, 3, 6])\), then `loss(s, 2)` returns 7. (Note: \(s[2] = 3\).) ```python 1 pass 2 def loss(x, q): 3 4 s = np.array([5, 1, 3, 6]) 5 loss(s, 2) ``` **Explanation**: - The problem requires the implementation of a function `loss(x, q)` which computes a specific summation involving elements of the array \(x\), excluding the element at index \(q\). - The summation involves calculating \(\max(0, x_j - x_q + 1)\) for each element \(x_j\) in the array except when \(j = q\). - The example given sets \(x = [5, 1, 3, 6]\) and \(q = 2\) (which corresponds to the element 3 in array \(x\)). The calculation returns a result of 7.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 2**: Write a function `loss(x, q)` to return \(\sum_{{j=0, j \neq q}}^{{K-1}} \max(0, x_j - x_q + 1)\), where \(x\) is a 1-dimensional array of \(K\) floats, \(q\) is an integer with \(0 \leq q \leq K-1\), and \(x_j\) is the \((j + 1)\)-th element of array \(x\). **Sample**: If \(s = np.array([5, 1, 3, 6])\), then `loss(s, 2)` returns 7. (Note: \(s[2] = 3\).) ```python 1 pass 2 def loss(x, q): 3 4 s = np.array([5, 1, 3, 6]) 5 loss(s, 2) ``` **Explanation**: - The problem requires the implementation of a function `loss(x, q)` which computes a specific summation involving elements of the array \(x\), excluding the element at index \(q\). - The summation involves calculating \(\max(0, x_j - x_q + 1)\) for each element \(x_j\) in the array except when \(j = q\). - The example given sets \(x = [5, 1, 3, 6]\) and \(q = 2\) (which corresponds to the element 3 in array \(x\)). The calculation returns a result of 7.
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