Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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- Question 2. A mixture of 70 mole% propane and 30 mol % hydrogen is burned with 25% excess air. Fractional conversion of 90% of the propane and 85% of t. hydrogen are achieved. Out of the propane that reacts, 95% reacts to form CO₂ and the balance reacts to form CO. Assume a basis of 100 mol/h of propane-hydrogen mixture. C3H8 H₂ Air (no mol/h) Reactor C3H8 (n1 mol/h) H2 (n2 mol/h) CO2 (n3 mol/h) CO (n4 mol/h) H₂O (n5 mol/h) O2 (n6 mol/h) N2 (n7 mol/h) a) Write down clearly all the balanced chemical reactions involved in the process, and perform a degree of freedom analysis for at ic species balance. b) Estimate the flow rate of air into the reactor. c) Perform atomic species balance and estimate the amount of CO in the output stream. d) Comment on the effect of conversion of H₂ on your answer in part c), with explanation.arrow_forwardSolubility (g solute/100ml solvent) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1Graph 1: Solubility Curves for KCI and KNO3 0 20 40 60 Temperature (°C) 80 Table 1: Solubility data for KCl and KNO3 at 75°C to 35°C? 100 Solubility at 75°C (g/100 g of H₂O) Solubility at 35°C (g/100 g of H₂O) Mass that will precipitate when temperature is reduced from 75°C to 35°C? (g) KCI solubility (gsolute/100g H2O) KNO3 Expon.(KNO3) 1. Use Graph 1 above to answer the following questions and fill in the Table 1. 120 KNO, KCI a) Approximately how many grams of KNO3 will dissolve in 100 g water at 10 °C? b) How many grams of KCI will dissolve in 1 liter of H₂O at 50 °C? c) 500 g of water are used to make a saturated solution of KC at 15 °C. How many more grams of KCI could be dissolved if the temperature were raised to 78 °C? d) A saturated solution of KNO3 in 200 g of H₂O at 51 °C is cooled to 28 °C. How much KNO, will precipitate out of solution?arrow_forward26.20 The data provided in Figure 26.7 are based on the diffusion of O₂ into SiO₂ formed from the oxidation of (100) crystalline silicon at 1000°C. Estimate the diffusion coefficient of O₂ in SiO₂ formed from the oxidation of (111) crystalline silicon at 1000 °C, using the data in the table below, provided by Hess (1990).* Time 1.0 2.0 4.0 7.0 16.0 Measured SiO₂ Film Thickness (um) 0.049 0.078 0.124 0.180 0.298 0.070 0.105 0.154 0.212 0.339 The maximum solubility of O₂ in the SiO₂ is 9.6-10-8 mole 0₂/cm³ solid at 1000°C and 1.0 atm O₂ gas partial pressure. *D.W. Hess, Chem. Eng. Education, 24, 34 (1990).arrow_forward
- 1. An impure sample of compound A is contaminated with two impurities B and C. The sample is to be purified by recrystallization using ethanol as the solvent. The solubility properties of the three components are summarized below. Solubility in Solubility in ethanol Solubility in 50 mL Solubility in 50 mL ethanol at -78 °C at - 0°C ethanol at -78 °C ethanol at - 0°C (g) (g) Compound A 0.12 g/mL 0.02 g/mL Impurity B 0.58 g/mL 0.04 g/mL Impurity C 0.005 g/mL 0.0003 g/mL The impure (7.5 g) sample contains 5.0 g of compound A, 1.5 g of B and 1.0 g of C and is recrystallized using 50 mL of ethanol. The sample is boiled with 50 mL of ethanol, filtered by gravity and then cooled in ice and filtered by suction. a) How much compound A should be obtained as the final product? Will the sample be contaminated with any of the impurities? Explain (using calculations to support your answer-fill in the missing masses in the table above). Hint: For this question you should calculate the mass of each…arrow_forwardAt a particular temperature, the solubility of In₂(SO₄)₃ in water is 0.0077 M. If solid In₂(SO₄)₃ is added to a solution that already contains 0.150 M In(NO₃)₃, what will the new solubility of the solid be? ____Marrow_forwardThe dissolution of ammonium nitrate is given by the reaction: NH,NO,(s) → NH (ag) + NO, (aq)arrow_forward
- ABS plastic is a polymer consisting of three monomer units: acrylonitrile (C₃H₃N), butadiene (C₄H₆), and styrene (C₈H₈). A sample of ABS plastic contains 12.9% N by mass. It took 1.56 g of Br₂ to react completely with a 2.00 g sample of ABS plastic. Bromine reacts 1:1 (by moles) with the butadiene units in the polymer and nothing else, so bromination is a method for determining the quantity of butadiene in the polymer. What is the percent by mass of styrene in the polymer?arrow_forwardChoose four ways in which the yield of ammonia in the reaction below can be improved for a given amount of H2. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ---- 2NH3 (g), deltaH<0 (Select all that apply.) decreasing the nitrogen or hydrogen concentration increasing the temperature increasing the total pressure on the mixture removing the gaseous or from the equilibrium by liquefying removing the gaseous from the equilibrium by liquefying it decreasing the total pressure on the mixture lowering the temperature increasing the nitrogen concentrationarrow_forwardTo no one's surprise, the only one who's been getting burned is Wile E. Coyote. Good thing he has a few ACME brand instant cold packs! These cold packs contain ammonium nitrate and water, separated by a thin plastic divider. When the divider is broken, the ammonium nitrate dissolves according to the following endothermic reaction: NH,NO3(s) → NH,+(ag) + NO3 (ag) As Wile E. Coyote ices his wounds and plans his next move, he wants to measure the enthalpy change for this reaction (maybe he's smarter than he seems!). 1.05 g of NH,N03 is dissolved in enough water to make a solution with a mass of 27.0 g. The initial temperature is 26.3 °C and the final temperature (after the solid dissolves) is 20.7 ° C. Part A Based on the information given, what is the total heat (gryn) associated with the dissolution of the NH,NO3 ? You may assume that the solution that forms has a heat capacity equivalent to water, 4.184 J. g 1.º C-1 Express your answer to two significant figures. qrxn = Jarrow_forward
- Show complete solution and provide explanation for each step.arrow_forward1. Ethanol forms a nearly ideal solution with iso-butanol. The vapour-liquid equilibrium data is given below in terms of the more volatile component (ethanol).A heated feed containing 60mole % ethanol enters a flash drum at a rate of 50 kmol/h and equilibrium separation is achieved. What fraction of the feed to be vaporized to have a bottom product containing not more than 50% ethanol. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 y* 0.196429 0.354839 0.485294 0.594595 0.6875 0.767442 0.836957 0.897959 0.951923 1arrow_forward15.00 ml of a 0.3400 m manganese(iii) acetate solution is mixed with 25.00 ml of a 0.2311 m ammonium carbonate solution. Calculate the number of grams of solid precipitate produced. Calculate the molarity of all species in solution after the reaction has taken place.arrow_forward
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