5. What are the most common factors for DKA and HHS? What is the main difference in HHS?

14.) If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to a.) decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. b.) increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. c.) increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. d.) decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR.

3. Explain the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the kidney and the GFR during rest, exercise, and shock.?

4. A patient shows up at the hospital with a low blood pH and high levels of CO2 and HCO3-. A) These values indicate what condition? B) Identify and explain one reason why this condition could occur. C) Explain what the kidneys are doing to compensate for this condition.

14. Calculate the order of heparin you will administer. Order: Heparin 17,000 units subcut daily. Available: Heparin labeled 20, 000 units per mL. Answer:

43. A patient who has been bitten by a rattlesnake is given an injection of equine anti-rattlesnake venom. Ten days later, he still feels weak all over, has headaches, aches in his muscles and joints, and has black urine. Studies in the lab reveal proteinuria.   Immunoglobulin levels in the serum are within the normal range, while serum C3 and C4 levels are lower. Which of the following pathological processes is more likely? (A) Anaphylactic Reaction (B) Delayed Hypersensitivity to horse protein (C) Formation of antigen-antibody complexes containing horse proteins and human immunoglobulin (D) Formsation of antigen-antibody complexes containing snake venom proteins and a horse antibody (E) Systemic reaction to snake venom

3. Which types of signaling lipids are produced by platelets to aid in the formation of blood clots?

50. Which pair of organs are most involved in breaking down of aged and worn out red blood cells?     spleen and pancreas     liver and kidney     liver and speen     spleen and kidney

What is the difference between a lower and upper respiratory tract infection?

19. In general, when the nonbicarbonate buffer concentration is normal, an acute PaCO2decrease of 10 mm Hg below 40 mm Hg will be associated with which of the following changes?a. [HCO3-] decreases by approximately 10 mEq/L. b. [HCO3-] decreases by approximately 5 mEq/L. c. [HCO3-] decreases by approximately 2 mEq/L. d. [HCO3-] decreases by approximately 1 mEq/L.