Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Q4.15. The following statements describe four distinct types of evidence that climate scientists have collected. Which one of these actually enables scientists to attribute recent changes in Earth's climate to human activity? Section 4: Humans and Climate Change Climate Change Observations from multiple sources show that mean global surface temperature has changed a lot through Earth's history. Various observations suggest that small changes in Earth's orbit are the primary driver of historical ice ages. Global climate models (GCMs) can only reproduce recent temperature increases when anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are included as a forcing. Submit OGCMs describe the climate system so well that weather phenomena such as hurricanes arise even though they are not specifically coded into the models. 20/21 > Q4.16. Projections of future climate change vary widely. What is the primary source of uncertainty for how much Earth's climate will warm by the end of the century? (Hint: Click here to watch the projection uncertainty animation again.) Submit Climate models themselves, which can't accurately predict weather and therefore cannot make reasonable forecasts of future climate change OUncertainty from natural variability in the climate system (EI Niño-La Niña cycles, volcanic eruptions, etc.) Emissions uncertainty, which is uncertainty about how extensively people will use fossil fuels in the future Climate response uncertainty, which is uncertainty about how to model feedbacks and other aspects of the climate system Submit Q4.17. Which of the following statements about thresholds and abrupt climate change is true? There are no thresholds in the climate system, and so changes are always steady and predictable. O Positive feedbacks that amplify the effects of small changes can produce abrupt climate change. O Climate proxies have never recorded examples of abrupt climate change in the past. Climatologists predict that reversing the effects of "tipping points" will usually occur quickly. 20 < 20/21 DIL
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Transcribed Image Text:Q4.15. The following statements describe four distinct types of evidence that climate scientists have collected. Which one of these actually enables scientists to attribute recent changes in Earth's climate to human activity? Section 4: Humans and Climate Change Climate Change Observations from multiple sources show that mean global surface temperature has changed a lot through Earth's history. Various observations suggest that small changes in Earth's orbit are the primary driver of historical ice ages. Global climate models (GCMs) can only reproduce recent temperature increases when anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are included as a forcing. Submit OGCMs describe the climate system so well that weather phenomena such as hurricanes arise even though they are not specifically coded into the models. 20/21 > Q4.16. Projections of future climate change vary widely. What is the primary source of uncertainty for how much Earth's climate will warm by the end of the century? (Hint: Click here to watch the projection uncertainty animation again.) Submit Climate models themselves, which can't accurately predict weather and therefore cannot make reasonable forecasts of future climate change OUncertainty from natural variability in the climate system (EI Niño-La Niña cycles, volcanic eruptions, etc.) Emissions uncertainty, which is uncertainty about how extensively people will use fossil fuels in the future Climate response uncertainty, which is uncertainty about how to model feedbacks and other aspects of the climate system Submit Q4.17. Which of the following statements about thresholds and abrupt climate change is true? There are no thresholds in the climate system, and so changes are always steady and predictable. O Positive feedbacks that amplify the effects of small changes can produce abrupt climate change. O Climate proxies have never recorded examples of abrupt climate change in the past. Climatologists predict that reversing the effects of "tipping points" will usually occur quickly. 20 < 20/21 DIL
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