5. How might climate change affect the creation of new hybrid zones? 6. What is the difference between a punctuated pattern of speciation and a gradual pattern of speciation? 7. What is a possible genetic mechanism for gradualism? 8. What is a possible genetic mechanism for punctuated equilibrium?
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5. How might climate change affect the creation of new hybrid zones?
6. What is the difference between a punctuated pattern of
7. What is a possible genetic mechanism for gradualism?
8. What is a possible genetic mechanism for punctuated equilibrium?
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- 1. What is speciation? 2. What is a “hybrid zone”? 3. What postzygotic barriers are often found in hybrid zones that result in a lack of species fusion? 4. What are the differences among the three possible outcomes for hybrids over time: reinforcement, fusion, and stability?14) Hybridization was not originally recognized as a mechanism of speciation by either Darwin or the researchers of the "new synthesis". However, today there are many examples of species that have originated through hybridization. What is the best explanation for why we have so many examples of species originating through hybridization? A) Hybridization is more likely to occur in regions where scientists have put in more effort studying speciation B) Hybridization occurs fairly regularly, and when it leads to new species only takes a few generations, which is fast enough for researchers to see fairly easily C) Hybridization is fairly easy to study in captivity D) Hybridization has been carried out frequently by farmers attempting to produce new, better species to grow 15) Anthropologist who study human evolution genetically have determined that populations of our species have gone through"founder effect" type events. What data would suggest that…6. Why does raising fruit flies on different food sources potentially lead to speciation?7. What evidence shows that sexual selection and mate choice can lead to speciation?8. What are hybrid viability and hybrid breakdown? 9. Why are donkeys and horses considered separate species even though they can mate?10. How does gene flow support the observation that sympatric animal species do not usually speciate?
- 1. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?2. How do biologists define a “biological species”?3. Why is reproductive isolation such a driving force in the process of speciation? 4. To which prezygotic isolation mechanism does each example below correspond: habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation? Parasites exploit new host species. Differences in binding protein allow sperm to fertilize. Pines release pollen in different seasons. Fireflies give specific patterns of signals. Plant floral tubes have different lengths.5. What evidence shows that allopatric speciation can occur in fruit flies raised on different food sources?which statement is false? 1)In the context of the evolution of senescence, the aphorism "live fast and die young" means that organisms with a more risky behavior will have a shorter life span. 2)Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation process that takes place in different geographic locations.4. Did the square nose of Species D and Species G come from the common ancestor?5. Is the square nose of Species D and Species G a homologous structure?6. Are the cat ears of Species D and Species F homologous structures?7. Are the smiles of Species E and Species G homologous structures?
- 4. When Asian rosefinches first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (about 4.0 million years ago), they diversified into a number of different species on different islands. Since the Pacific Ocean was a barrier between these islands before the ancestral species first arrived, this represents which pre-zygotic barrier? A. allopatric isolation by means of vicariance B. gamete isolation C. mechanical isolation D. habitat isolation E. allopatric isolation by means of dispersal5. Darwin's finches evolved into many separate species on the Galapagos Islands, with the Pacific Ocean as a barrier to their interbreeding. Since the Pacific Ocean was a barrier between these islands before the ancestral finch first arrived, this represents which of the following pre-zygotic barriers? A. allopatric isolation by means of vicariance B. gamete isolation C. mechanical isolation D. habitat isolation E. allopatric isolation by means of dispersal5. Which of the following evolutionary processes (leading to speciation) is based on random changes population gene frequencies, due to a sudden decline in population size, followed by a recovery? A. migration (like the evolution of Galapagos Island finches from one South American finch species) B. genetic drift (like the evolution of sinistral-coiling snails from dextral-coiling ancestral snails) C. mutation (like the evolution of a new strain of influenza virus from an old ancestral strain) D. natural selection (like the environmental selection of polar bears from ancestral brown bears) E. artificial selection (like the human-directed selection of friendly dogs from ancestral gray wolves)
- 21) ALL BUT ONE of the statements below helps to describe gene flow. That is A) B) Without genetic variation, some of the basic mechanisms of evolutionary change cannot operate. There are three primary sources of genetic variation: 1. Mutations II. Gene flow III. Sexual reproduction D) It depends on a chance event that changes the gene pool. It can reduce the genetic differentiation between the two groups. It involves the movement of alleles from one population to another. It includes migration or the movement of individuals between populations. Some mutations always occur from generation to generation. But most mutations do not persist over time in the gene pool. Which mutation is MOST likely to become established and persist in a species?Hybridization was not originally recognized as a mechanism of speciation by either Darwin or the researchers of the "new synthesis". However, today there are many examples of species that have originated through hybridization. What is the best explanation for why we have so many examples of species originating through hybridization? Hybridization is more likely to occur in regions where scientists have put in more effort studying speciation Hybridization has been carried out frequently by farmers attempting to produce new, better species to grow Hybridization occurs fairly regularly, and when it leads to new species only takes a few generations, which is fast enough for researchers to see fairly easily Hybridization is fairly easy to study in captivity13) Lake Malawi in Africa is home to about 200 species of allopatrically speciated cichlid fish. However, recent development around the lake is reducing the visabiliy in the lake, and as a result recently diverged species are merging back together. Why? A) Because the geneflow between species has been reduced due to the reduction in visability B) Because those species have not evolved a second reproductive isolation mechanism in addition to sexual selection C) Because the open water habitat is no longer as habitable, so the open water species are now using the bottom habitat D) Because the bottom habitat is no longer habitable, so the bottom habitat species are not using the open water habitat, leading to more hybridization