5. A light year is approximately 9.46 x 1012 kilometres. Calculate in light years, the approximate total length of DNA in all the undergraduate students studying at Cardiff University given that: (i) the human haploid genome comprises approx. 3.2 x 109 base-pairs (bp) DNA; (ii) 10 bp of DNA has a length of approx. 3.4 nm, (iii) an adult human is constructed from about 3.7 x 1013 cells (Bianconi et al, SEP (2013), Ann Hum Biol 40, 463-471). (iv) There are approx. 23,800 undergraduate students at the University. Show your calculations in full.
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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