Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780190698614
Author: Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Question

I get a little confused when it is stated "Flow rate is = Ma" Isnt flow rate= Av?

### Problem Statement A generator produces electricity from a water tank as shown. Determine the electrical output from the generator as a function of water level (h) for the following flow rates: 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 kg/s. The generator is equipped with a brake that engages gradually if it operates above its intended speed (i.e., the generator protects itself from damage by partially engaging a brake when mass flow is greater than 3 kg/s and fully engaging the brake when mass flow is 5 kg/s or greater). The efficiency of the generator system can be estimated using the graph on the next page. Assume no losses due to friction in the pipes. ### Diagram Explanation The diagram shows a setup with a water tank and a generator. Water flows from the tank to the generator, creating electrical output. - **Water Tank:** The tank provides water that flows through the generator. - **Generator:** Converts the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. It is depicted in the system setup. - **Flow Path:** Water enters the generator through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm². ### Graph Explanation **Efficiency of Generator vs Mass Flow Rate** - **X-axis:** Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) ranging from 0 to 6 kg/s. - **Y-axis:** Efficiency ranging from 0 to 0.8. The graph shows the efficiency of the generator relative to different mass flow rates: - Efficiency increases linearly, peaking at around 0.75 at a flow rate of 3 kg/s. - Beyond 3 kg/s, efficiency decreases, reaching 0 when the mass flow rate is at 5 kg/s. ### Application Use the given information and diagram to calculate the electrical output based on the water level (h) for specified flow rates using the efficiency graph.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Problem Statement A generator produces electricity from a water tank as shown. Determine the electrical output from the generator as a function of water level (h) for the following flow rates: 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 kg/s. The generator is equipped with a brake that engages gradually if it operates above its intended speed (i.e., the generator protects itself from damage by partially engaging a brake when mass flow is greater than 3 kg/s and fully engaging the brake when mass flow is 5 kg/s or greater). The efficiency of the generator system can be estimated using the graph on the next page. Assume no losses due to friction in the pipes. ### Diagram Explanation The diagram shows a setup with a water tank and a generator. Water flows from the tank to the generator, creating electrical output. - **Water Tank:** The tank provides water that flows through the generator. - **Generator:** Converts the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. It is depicted in the system setup. - **Flow Path:** Water enters the generator through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm². ### Graph Explanation **Efficiency of Generator vs Mass Flow Rate** - **X-axis:** Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) ranging from 0 to 6 kg/s. - **Y-axis:** Efficiency ranging from 0 to 0.8. The graph shows the efficiency of the generator relative to different mass flow rates: - Efficiency increases linearly, peaking at around 0.75 at a flow rate of 3 kg/s. - Beyond 3 kg/s, efficiency decreases, reaching 0 when the mass flow rate is at 5 kg/s. ### Application Use the given information and diagram to calculate the electrical output based on the water level (h) for specified flow rates using the efficiency graph.
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