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43. What was the exposure in the study? A. Age of mother at conception B. Having Down syndrome C. Infant age D. Severity of condition 44. What was the outcome in the study? A. Age of mother at conception B. Having Down syndrome C. Infant age D. Severity of condition 45. Based on the finding, what age bracket is recommended for women to bear children with low risk of having Down syndrome? A. 34 and 35 B. 34 and below C. 35 and above D. 35 only

43. What was the exposure in the study? A. Age of mother at conception B. Having Down syndrome C. Infant age D. Severity of condition 44. What was the outcome in the study? A. Age of mother at conception B. Having Down syndrome C. Infant age D. Severity of condition 45. Based on the finding, what age bracket is recommended for women to bear children with low risk of having Down syndrome? A. 34 and 35 B. 34 and below C. 35 and above D. 35 only

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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43. What was the exposure in the study?
A. Age of mother at conception
B. Having Down syndrome
C. Infant age
D. Severity of condition
44. What was the outcome in the study?
A. Age of mother at conception
B. Having Down syndrome
C. Infant age
D. Severity of condition
45. Based on the finding, what age bracket is recommended for women to bear children with low risk
of having Down syndrome?
A. 34 and 35
B. 34 and below
C. 35 and above
D. 35 only  

Single Table Analysis Down syndrome >35 417 81% 98 515 19% 100% 23.8% 313 329 95.1%100% 96.3% 16 Age of mother at conception34 and below 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% 76.2% 411 844 48.7%100% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(1-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chỉ square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact c0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are >=s OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series Taylor series Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 10.31, 26.9" 72, 80.22° 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 48.71, 147.2 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio 83.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFpOR) Eiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 98.8% *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pjindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin D. Austin, H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. ** 95% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P-values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (a) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.
Transcribed Image Text:Single Table Analysis Down syndrome >35 417 81% 98 515 19% 100% 23.8% 313 329 95.1%100% 96.3% 16 Age of mother at conception34 and below 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% 76.2% 411 844 48.7%100% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(1-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chỉ square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact c0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are >=s OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series Taylor series Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 10.31, 26.9" 72, 80.22° 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 48.71, 147.2 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio 83.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFpOR) Eiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 98.8% *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pjindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin D. Austin, H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. ** 95% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P-values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (a) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.
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