4.6 The power of an unmodulated carrier signal is 50 W, and the carrier frequency is f. = 40 Hz. A sinu- soidal message signal is used to FM modulate it with index B = 10. The sinusoidal message signal has a frequency of 5 Hz. Determine the average value of x_(t). By drawing appropriate spectra, explain this apparent contradiction. %3D

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.