4.2.12R WP A hydraulic jump is shown in Fig. P4.2.12R. The depth of flow z2 after the hydraulic jump is 4 m larger than z1. The total flowrate in the channel is 400 m³/s and the channel width is 50 m. The length l over which the jump occurs is about 0.5 m. If the depth z1 = 6 m, then what is the average acceleration (in g's) of the liquid as it flows across the jump. Hydraulic jump V2 V1 Z2 Z1 FIGURE P4.2.12R

A dam releases water into a spillway, and then some distance downstream a hydraulic jump occurs. The dam height is 25 m, the initial depth in the spillway is 1 m, and the hydraulic jump leads to a region of depth 15 m. Upstream of the dam may be considered a reservoir. Determine the average velocity before the jump and whether the jump will occur. If there will be a jump, determine the velocity after the hydraulic jump, neglecting any friction losses.

Q: Water is flowing through an inclined aquifer (a=15°) as shown in the following figure. The depth of aquifer is H₁-3m. Two observation wells are constructed at 55m apart (S-55m) to reach the top of the aquifer. It is found that the head difference between the points, observation wells were constructed, is h=3m. (i) Find the flow rate in m³/s/m length (at right angles to the cross section shown) if k-0.05 cm/s. (ii) Find the percentage rate of change in flow rate if the head difference is increased to 4m (h-5m). H Impervious layerPermeable layer Direction of flow

Problem 4. A 2-mm-diameter tube is used to siphon water at 20° C from a tank. When the tube length is 1 m, is there a value for H that exceeds the limit for laminar flow? If the maximum H = 75 cm, what would be the maximum flow rate? Neglect losses due to curvature and entrance effects. L=1m,d=2mm Water at 20°C H