4. Which of the three monetary policy tools is the least powerful? Why?

Read “YOU’RE THE ECONOMIST: Did the Fed Cause the Great Recession?” in Chapter 26. In support of the Fed’s monetary policy prior to the deflation of the home prices bubble, one can argue that the reality is that increasing the money supply and low-interest rates were required to sustain expansion. Based on the Monetarist’s school of thought, criticize the Fed’s policy

1. What is Central Bank Independence(CBI)? What is the difference between political and operational independence? 2. Why do you expect the relationship between CBI and inflation to differ between the federal reserve and the central banks for the CFA?

10. According to the European Central Bank website, the treaty establishing the European Community "makes clear that ensuring price stability is the most important contribution that monetary policy can make to achieve a favourable economic environment and a high level of employment." If price stability is the only goal of monetary policy, explain how monetary policy would be conducted during recessions. Analyze both the case of a recession that is the result of a demand shock and the case of a recession that is the result of a supply shock.

How does based ruled monetary policy differ from discretionary monetary policy ?

1. If one still argues that the monetary policies conducted by the Federal Reserve is heavily influenced by the Congress and the White House, what could be the evidence we can find in the system which supports the argument? (briefly explain in a paragraph or so)