show the equation with all the math 4. The memory of a particular microcomputer is built from 64K X 1 DRAMs. Accordingto the data sheet, the cell array of the DRAM is organized into 256 rows. Each row mustbe refreshed at least once every 4 ms. Suppose we refresh the memory on a strictlyperiodic basis.a. what is the time period between successive refresh requests?b. how long a refresh address counter do we need?[6.6]

Part a)To find the time period between successive refresh requests (the refresh rate), I'll need to…

Answered: 4. The memory of a particular…

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter4: Processor Technology And Architecture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PE: If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the...

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5. Consider two microprocessors having 8- and 16-bit-wide external data buses, respectively. The two processors are identical otherwise and their bus cycles take just as long. (a) Suppose all instructions and operands are one byte long, by what factor do the maximum data transfer rates differ?
Suppose that a RISC machine uses five register windows.Q) How deep can the procedure calls go before registers must be saved in memory? (That is, what is the maximum number of “active” procedure calls that can be made before we need to save any registers in memory?
Consider a DRAM chip of capacity 256 KB and each memory location contains 8 bits. The memory chip is organized in matrix form with equal number of rows and column for each memory location of 8 bits. This DRAM chip has a refresh interval of 64 ms, memory bus runs at 200 MHz, and the refresh cycle takes 4 clock cycle. a) Time required to refresh the DRAM chip. b) What is the minimum size of the refresh counter?
A computer employs RAM chips of 512 x 8 and ROM chips of 256 x 8. The computer system needs1K bytes of RAM, 2K bytes of ROM, and eight interface units, each with 2 registers. A memory-mapped1/0 configuration is used. The two highest-order bits of the 16 bit address bus are assigned 10 for RAM,11 for ROM, and 00 for interface registers.a. How many RAM and ROM chips are needed?b. Draw a memory-address map for the system.c. Give the address range in hexadecimal for RAM, ROM, and interface.
I am trying to better understand memory access in computers, please answer the sample question below. Assume that the page table can held in registers of the MMU. It takes 8 ms (milliseconds)to service a page fault if there is an empty frame or if the replaced page is not altered, and20 ms if the replaced page is altered. Memory access time is 100 ns (nanoseconds). It has been empirically measured that the page to be replaced is altered 75% of the time.Obtain the maximum probability of page fault for an effective memory access time ≤ 200ns.
On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?
What is the point of using cache memory if we already have volatile RAM (Random Access Memory)?Transistors are used in both random-access memory (RAM) and cache memory. Is it conceivable, if at all possible, to employ just one kind of memory to carry out all of a computer's functions?
By assuming that X = 3, and 33 is a two digit number, consider memory storage of a 64-bit word stored at memory word 33 in a byte-addressable memory (a) What is the byte address of memory word 33? (b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 33 spans? (c) Draw the number 0xF1234567890ABCDE stored at word 33 in both big endian and little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to each data byte value.
A computer employs RAM chips of 128 x 8 and ROM chips of 512 x 8. The computer system needs 1K bytes of RAM, 2K bytes of ROM, and two interface units, each with two registers. A memory-mapped 1/0 configuration is used. The two highest-order bits of the 16-bit address bus are assigned 11 for RAM, 10 for ROM, and 01 for interface registers.a. How many RAM and ROM chips are needed?b. Draw a memory-address map for the system.c. Give the address range in hexadecimal for RAM, ROM, and interface
Consider memory storage of a 32-bit word stored at memory word 34 in a byte addressable memory. (a) What is the byte address of memory word 34? (b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 34 spans? (c) Draw the number 0x3F526372 stored at word 342 in both big-endian and little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to each data byte value.
A computer employs RAM chips of 512 x 4 and ROM chips of 256 x 8. The computer system needs 1KB of RAM, and 512 x 8 ROM and an interface unit with 256 registers each. A memory-mapped I/O configuration is used. The two higher -order bits of the address bus are assigned 00 for RAM, O1 for ROM, and 10 for interface. a) How many lines must be decoded for chip select? Specify the size of the decoder b) Draw a memory-address map for the system and Give the address range in hexadecimal for RAM, ROM c) Develop a chip layout for the above said specifications.
A computer system contains a big endian byte addressable memory system with 8 separate memory modules. Each memory module is 32 bits wide and contains 134217728 cells. Cells within each memory module are numbered 0 through 134217727. a) If the memory employs high order interleaving, what is the 32-bit memory address of cell 1048578 within module 3? b) If the high order interleaved memory uses little-endian instead of big-endian storage order, what is the 32-bit memory address of cell 511 within module 1? c) If the memory employs low order interleaving, what is the 32-bit memory address of byte 1048575 within module 2? Bytes are numbered starting from 0. Express the address in hex. d) What is the main advantage of using low-order interleaved memory compared to using high-order interleaved memory?

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