
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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### Real Analysis and Metric Spaces Problem Set
#### 1. Metric Determination
Let \( x, y \in \mathbb{R} \). Determine if the following are metrics on \(\mathbb{R}\) or not:
- (a) \(d_1(x, y) = \sqrt{|x - y|}\)
- (b) \(d_2(x, y) = (x - y)^4\)
#### 2. Interior Points and Open Sets
Let \( E \subseteq X \) where \( X \) is a metric space. Let \( E^\circ \) denote all the interior points of \( E \). \( E^\circ \) is an open set—you don’t have to prove this, but you can use this fact to prove the following:
- (a) Show \( E \) is open if and only if \( E = E^\circ \).
- (b) Show: If \( G \subseteq E \) and \( G \) is open, then \( G \subseteq E^\circ \).
#### 3. Compact Subsets
Let \( K_1 \) and \( K_2 \) be compact subsets of a metric space \( X \). Show \( K_1 \cup K_2 \) is compact.
#### 4. Closedness of Intersection of Compact Sets
Let \(\{K_\alpha\}_{\alpha \in A}\) be a collection of compact subsets of a metric space \( X \). Show \(\bigcap_{\alpha \in A} K_\alpha\) is closed in \( X \).
#### 5. Non-compactness of Open and Compact Sets
- (a) Consider the collection of open sets, \(\{(-n, n)\}_{n=1}^\infty\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) with the usual metric \( d(x, y) = |x - y| \). Use this collection of open sets to show \(\mathbb{R}\) is not compact (make sure to prove \(\mathbb{R} = \bigcup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (-n, n)\) as part of your work).
- (b) Give an example of a collection of compact sets in
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