4. Compare the action potentials of contractile cardiac muscle, autorhythmic cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Include similarities and differences. Mention  resting membrane potential, pacemaker potential, If channels, sodium voltage-gated channels, potassium voltage-gated channels, calcium voltage-gated channels, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, pacemaker.

Q: 25. Compare the contraction of a single cardiac muscle fiber to a skeletal muscle fiber in terms of…

A: Muscle is one of the tissue types in the body that brings about contraction and relaxation. Muscle…

Q: 6.What are the theoretical reasons given for the resting bradycardia that accompanies endurance…

A: Bradycardia is defined as a slower heart rate than normal. An average healthy person has a heart…

Q: What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation? O cardiac output and…

A: Pressure gradient By creating a pressure gradient, the heart drives the blood through the vessels.…

Q: As a result of the long refractory period in the contractile cell refractory period, cardiac muscle…

A: Muscles perform various functions as movement, which is the fundamental purpose of muscles is to…

Q: 87

A: Cardiac muscarinic antagonists are the agent that inhibits the function of the muscarinic receptors.…

Q: 14.The electrical stimulation of cardiac muscle via the conduction system, not the muscular…

A: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure the changes in the electrocardiograph. One cardiac cycle…

Q: Leaky Na+ channels in the cells of the SA Node do which of the following?   a-allow a slow…

A: d-allow a slow depolarization that eventually reaches the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Q: . What is cardiac output? 2. What are the determinants of cardiac output?

A: Heart is a muscular organ that functions to pump blood throughout the body by repeated, rhythmic…

Q: 1. State the typical values for each of the following factors that are regulated by homeostasis:…

A: Homeostasis is the process by which a system is kept in equilibrium or this is also defined as a…

Q: Categorize the feedback mechanisms components below during BP regulation. stretch pressure receptor…

A: 1. Sensor  2 effector

Q: 9..

A: Bradycardia is defined as a slower heart rate than normal. An average healthy person has a heart…

Q: Briefly describe the events of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells.

A: Cardiac muscles are also called myocardium, which is a type of muscle in the body that is…

Q: Describe the types and significance of intercellular junctions between cardiac muscle cell?

A: Cardiac muscle helps to contract the heart. There are 3 types of intercellular junction between the…

Q: Complete the sentence: ions initiate depolarization of cardiac muscle cells and ions are responsible…

A: Excitability is defined as the ability of the living tissue to give response to a stimulus. In all…

Q: Using the new cardiovascular drug Entresto, relate how the Cardiac action potential arriving at the…

A: Entresto is a brand-name prescription drug for treating specific forms of heart failure. Heart…

Q: 22. State the channels involved during an action potential in cardiac CONTRACTILE cells and then…

A: In order to understand how an action potential is generated in cardiac contractile cells, it is…

Q: 1. Describe the steps in the actión nembrane potential, ion movements and the state of ion channels…

A: Cardiac muscle cells are specialised auto rhythmic cells which can initiate action potential without…

Q: Draw a ventricular muscle cell action potential. Describe the changes in membrane permeability that…

A: The second deflection is caused by ventricular depolarization. The QRS complex appears after 0.15…

Q: Discuss the heart contraction on a cellular level, describing the contraction muscle fiber?

A: Introduction: The muscle cells comprise protein filaments, namely, myosin and actin, that slide upon…

Q: How does excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac muscle resemble that of skeletal muscle? How is…

A: The calcium ions channels present in the plasma film are momentarily opened because of the…

Q: Ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons in the brain have been implicated in the etiology of symptoms…

A: The VTA or the ventral tegmental area neurons are the group of neurons present in the midline on the…

Q: 3. After standard physical loading in a sportsman it was stated in the first minute of the rest: 1)…

A: Homeostasis is a self-regulating process in the body that maintains a dynamic equilibrium between…

Q: Referring to the following hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across a muscle capillary wall, which…

A: Capillary hydrostatic pressure is the outward pressure applied by the stream of blood on the vessel…

Q: What is hyperkalemia and what is the clinical term for its chronotropic effect on the heart?

A: Hyperkalemia is the condition for excess calcium levels in the blood.

Q: In a cardiac contractile cell what is the mechanism involved in the change in membrane potential?…

A: The cardiac contractile cell undergoes various changes in order to perform several activities and…

Q: A drug that blocks the cardiac muscarinic receptor might be expected to: Increased heart rate…

A: We know that Cardiac muscarinic antagonists are the agent that inhibits the function of the…

Q: 6. The ECG records the electrical stimulation of cardiac muscle by the conduction system and not the…

A: The thick middle layer of the heart is the myocardium (cardiac muscle). Along with skeletal and…

Q: 22. Define Ventricular Fibrillation. Describe what is happening electrically during VF.

A: Dysrhythmias Cardiac dysrhythmia is associated with abnormal electrical impulse conduction…

Q: A drug that blocks the cardiac muscarinic receptor might be expected to: Increased heart rate…

A: Cardiac muscarinic antagonists are the agent that inhibits the function of the muscarinic receptors.…

Q: 2. Explain the pressure and volume changes in the ventricle during the following phases of the…

A: The cardiac cycle refers to the series of events that occur during one heartbeat, including the…

Q: 5. Compared with resting values, blood flow changes in various organs during moderate exercise are…

A: Question is related to effect of exercise on blood supply of body.  Detailed solution in step 2.

Q: Use the following scenario to answer the following three questions. You transition from a walk to a…

A: The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system that is responsible for generation of blood…

Q: 10. Explain how the following factors affect heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output…

A: Introduction: The pulse rate is another name for the heart rate. It is the number of heartbeats in…

Q: 2. During standard physical activity - 20 squats in 30 seconds. heart rate increases due to the…

A: With an emphasis on the limbic region of the brain and the sympathetic nervous system, we will…

Q: 5. W hich structure is present in the right ventricle of the sheep's heart, but not in the left…

A: The question asks the structure located in the right ventricle but not in the left ventricle of the…