4. A bacterium is suddenly expelled from a warm human intestine into the cold world outside (hey, it's been a cold December!). Which of the following adjustments might the bacterium make to maintain the same level of membrane fluidity? A) Produce lipids with hydrocarbon tails that are longer and have fewer double bonds B) Produce lipids with hydrocarbon tails that are shorter and have more double bonds C) Decrease the amount of cholesterol in the membrane D) Decrease the amount of glycolipids in the membrane

4. A bacterium is suddenly expelled from a warm human intestine into the cold world outside (hey, it's been a cold December!). Which of the following adjustments might the bacterium make to maintain the same level of membrane fluidity? A) Produce lipids with hydrocarbon tails that are longer and have fewer double bonds B) Produce lipids with hydrocarbon tails that are shorter and have more double bonds C) Decrease the amount of cholesterol in the membrane D) Decrease the amount of glycolipids in the membrane

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter5: Structure And Function Of Plasma Membranes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: The principal force driving movement in diffusion is the. temperature particle size concentration...

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1. Simple diffusion across membranes is faster for which type of molecules? a)Lipophilic substances b)Hydrophilic substances c)Amphipathic substances d)Polar molecules 2. One of the following is true of active transport? a)Substances diffuses following its concentration gradient b)Substances passively diffuse against its concentration gradient c)Energy is used to transport substances against its concentration gradient d)The movement of an ion down its electrochemical gradient is coupled with transport of another molecule against its concentration gradient 3. What happens to the volume of a red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution. a)It shrinks b)volume does not change c)Volume increases 4. What was the effect of excessive water consumption on the osmolarity? a)It decreased b) It increased 5. A protein that is in a secondary structure has one of the following characteristics a)Amino acids of a single peptide chain are bound to each other by five different types of…
Match the definitions with the words: Direct Diffusion, Facilitated Transport, Active Transport a) passive movement of molecules through a protein channel, down the solute's concentration gradient b) using a vesicle to move many molecules into a cell c) movement of molecules through a protein transporter, requires ATP, against the solute's concentration gradient
8. Which of the following do NOT involve the movement of chemicals from a greater concentration to a lower concentration? a) simple diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated diffusion d) filtration
3. The diagram to the right depicts a cell submerged in a solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not to sugar. Start by completing the % concentrations of water of the intracellular and extracellular solutions. a) What is the cytosol in this example? (circle the correct term below) hypotonic hypertonic isotonic b) How do you know? 30% Sugar % Water d) Predict: What is going to happen to the size(mass) of the cell? 60% Sugar % Water c) Because the solutions are not isotonic, osmosis is going to occur. In what direction is water going to move? e) Predict: What is going to happen to the extracellular solute concentration?
1. Indicate which statement is incorrect. a) Channel proteins are open from both sides so that molecules can go through them. b) Channel and carrier proteins both get molecules across the membrane c) Carrier proteins usually have more control over which molecules can go through them. d) Channel and carrier proteins always use passive transport.
7) Which is the best definition of osmosis?a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentrationb) movement of water across a membrane from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration.c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration.d) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to a higher water concentration with the use of ATP.e) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration.8) Transcriptional factors are required for transcription in all the following organisms except: a) Protozoa b) Bacteria c) Archaea d) Eukarya e) b & c.9) The composition of the flagellar apparatus is more complex in ___ as compared to Prokaryotes: a) Protozoa b) Bacteria c) Archaea d) Mycota e) a & d
16. Which of the following best defines the term "exocytosis"? A) The discharge of proteins in cytoplasmic vesicles from a cell following fusion of the vesicles with the plasmalemma B) Diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules from a cell across the cell membrane C) The uptake of material at one domain of a cell's surface and its discharge from the opposite side of the cell D) The discharge of ions or small molecules from a cell by protein pumps in the membrane E) The process by which proteins move from one cytoplasmic compartment to another
11. Which of the following would indicate that facilitated diffusion was taking place? A) A substance was moving from a region of low concentration into a region of higher concentration. B) Substances were moving against the diffusion gradient. C) A substance was slowing as it moved down its concentration gradient. D) ATP was being rapidly consumed as the substance moved. E) A substance was diffusing much faster than the physical condition indicated it should. 12. Osmosis, the diffusion of water is distinct from the diffusion of oxygen because water is a solvent. b. water is non-polar. water is a large molecule. d. oxygen is a dissolved gas. oxygen is highly polar. а. с. е. 13. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are A) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. B) hypotonic to both fresh water and the…
6. A carrot, when dried out, becomes soft. There is a way to make it firm and crisp. Explain how and why, using the following guidelines. a) Draw and label a representative cell of the carrot, in its dried state. Be precise in your drawing. b)Describe the type of extracellular solution that is appropriate to add to make the desired change (name and define what type of solution, the net movements of solvent and solutes, etc.). c)Draw a representative cell of the carrot, in its possible state after the change. Represent the movement of water using an arrow to indicate what has happened.
1.) Select/highlight the statements that are TRUE regarding simple diffusion. a) It is a form of passive transport. b) It is how glucose travels across the cell membrane C) It is used to transport larger molecules such as polysaccharides. d) It is the method used to transport small, nonpolar molecules. 2.) What is the name of the process occurring in the diagram below and additionally, what is the name given to the condition/outcome/state created on the right side of the diagram below?
7. Label the following diagrams of Red Blood Cells and Plant Cells as being examples of cells contained in Isotonic, Hypertonic and Hypotonic solutions. H,0 H,0 H,0 H,0 H,0 H,0 H,0 H,0
1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow. a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why? b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer. 2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.