4. (a) A laser that emits a diffraction-limited beam (Ao = 632.84 nm), produces a light spot on the surface of the Moon a distance of 376000 km away. How big is the circular aperture of the laser, if the light spot has a radius of 58 km? Neglect any effects of the Earth's atmosphere.

27. A 1385 kg cannon containing a 58.5 kg cannon ball is on wheels. The cannon fires the cannon ball, giving it a velocity of 49.8 m/s north. What is the initial velocity of the cannon the instant after it fires the cannon ball? ay. mB VA VB

You are looking into the headlights of a distant vehicle on an autoroute in France. The driver has shown his resistance to the Europeanization of Europe by resolutely continuing to use yellow headlights (wavelength 550 nm). (a) What is the theoretical limit of angular resolution of your eyes for these headlights when your iris has a diameter of 6.00 mm? (Express your answer in milli-radians (mrad).) (b) If the headlights of the car are separated by 1.80 m, with this resolution at what distance would you be just be able to tell that the vehicle had, in fact, two headlights? (Express your answer in km.)

You measure the distance between the finges of a diffraction pattern as follows: Distance (mm): 3.01, 3.27, 3.28 You measure the distance eight additional times to obtain the following ten values: Distance (mm): 3.01, 3.27, 3.28, 3.31, 3.16, 3.17, 3.15, 3.25, 3.18, 1.46 What values for the distance and uncertainty would you report using the first three measurements and the entire set of ten measurements? Group of answer choices First three: (3.22 ± 0.03) mm, All ten: (3.22 ± 0.02) mm First three: (3.19 ± 0.09) mm, All ten: (3.0 ± 0.2) mm First three: (3.186667 ± 0.07216237) mm, All ten: (3.201000 ± 0.02613236) mm First three: (3.216667 ± 0.02880329) mm, All ten: (3.216000 ± 0.02379916) mm First three: (3.240000 ± 0.04082483) mm, All ten: (3.217000 ± 0.02702036) mm First three: (3.24 ± 0.04) mm, All ten: (3.22 ± 0.03) mm

PROBLEM For a given x-ray diffraction test (n = 1) on a cubic crystal structure, the recorded diffraction peaks (20) were 24.09°, 34.33°, 42.37°, 49.33°, 55.62°, and 61.48°. The x-ray wavelength used in the test was 0.15418 nm. For this test, determine the crystal structure of the element, the lattice constant, and identify the element.

X-rays of wavelength 0.130 nm are reflected from a certain crystal, and the first-order maximum occurs at an angle of 14.2°. What value does this give for the interplanar spacing of the crystal? ____nm

A 2mW laser beams of wavelength λ = 6×10 cm is focussed on the retina by a human eye lens of focal length f = 2.5 cm and pupil diameter 2 mm. The intensity on the retina will be of the order of (a) 10¹ W/m² (b) 106W/m² (c) 108W/m² (d) 10²W/m²

3. A Cu target emits an X-ray line of wavelength = 1.54 Å. a) Given that the Bragg angle for reflection from the (111) planes in Al is 19.2°, compute the interplanar distance for these planes. Recall that aluminum has an fcc structure. b) Knowing that the density and atomic weight of Al are, respectively, 2.7 g/cm3 and 27.0, compute the value of Avogadro's number.

Pluto and its moon Charon are separated by 19600 km. An undergraduate researcher wants to determine if the 5.08 m diameter Mount Palomar telescope can resolve these bodies when they are 5.40×109 km from Earth (neglecting atmospheric effects). Assume an average wavelength of 545 nm. To determine the answer, calculate the ratio of the telescope's angular resolution ?T to the angular separation ?PC of the celestial bodies.

Problem 19:  Sodium vapor light (average wavelength 598 nm) falls on a single slit of width 7.75 μm.Randomized Variablesλ = 598 nmw = 7.75 μm     At what angle θ, in degrees, does it produces its second minimum?Numeric   : A numeric value is expected and not an expression.θ = __________________________________________