4, The hardness of ten steel samples was measured and the results were as follows. Sample Hardness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 90 92 95 91 98 102 97 92 95 99 Calculate the mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance.

Dopant density (cm-³) 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 10¹5 1014 1013 10¹2, 10-4 10-3 10-¹ 10⁰ 10¹ 10² 10³ 104 Resistivity (ohm-cm) FIGURE 2-8 Conversion between resistivity and dopant density of silicon at room temperature. (After [3].) N type 10-2 P type EXAMPLE 2-3 Temperature Dependence of Resistance a. What is the resistivity, p, of silicon doped with 10¹7cm-3 of arsenic? b. What is the resistance, R, of a piece of this silicon material 1 um long and 0.1 μm² in cross-sectional area? c. By what factor will R increase (or decrease) from T = 300 K to T = 400 K? d. What As concentration should one choose if she wishes to minimize the change in (c)?

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Calculate the equivalent resistances Rin of the following circuits. (The resistance value of the diodes in the conduction will be 0, the resistance value of the diodes in the insulation will be taken as infinity. R1=10ohm