(4) Determine the region of operation of Q₁ in each of the circuits shown below. Assume Is = 5 x 10-16 A and B = 100. No need to consider Early effect. RB KQ₁ RE W Rc Vcc -2.5 V (a) 300 ΩΣ Q₁ ww Vcc Σ1kΩ (b) 2.5 V 0.5 mA( Q₁ "M Vcc 500 Ω (c) 2.5 V

Consider the buck converter in Figure 5, with a DC voltage source, Vg = 100V and a load resistance, R equals to 2002. It is required that this converter delivers at least 100W to the load (output power). Assume the switching frequency is 100 kHz. Q₁ L 000 + i(t) D₁ C R>V iD(t) Figure 5 Determine the following: i. Critical value of the inductor, Lcrit ii. Converter voltage gain for inductor value, L = 0.1x Lcrit

Given the circuit below, find the output voltage vout measured across the resistor. You are told that vs = 20 cos (10t + 40°), and you may assume that C = 41 µF and R = 1,562 Q. Vs +1 C R Vout Once you have found the output voltage, enter the magnitude of the output voltage (in volts) below, to 3 significant figures.