39. Past experience shows that, if a certain machine is adjusted properly, 5 percent of the items turned out by the machine are defective. Each day the first 25 items produced by the machine are inspected for defects. If three or fewer defects are found, production is continued without interruption. If four or more items are found to be defective, production is interrupted and an engineer is asked to adjust the machine. After adjustments have been made, production is resumed. This procedure can be viewed as a test of the hypothesis p = .05 against the alternative p > .05, p being the probability that the machine turns out a defective item. In test terminology, the engineer is asked to make adjustments only when the hypothesis is rejected.
Unitary Method
The word “unitary” comes from the word “unit”, which means a single and complete entity. In this method, we find the value of a unit product from the given number of products, and then we solve for the other number of products.
Speed, Time, and Distance
Imagine you and 3 of your friends are planning to go to the playground at 6 in the evening. Your house is one mile away from the playground and one of your friends named Jim must start at 5 pm to reach the playground by walk. The other two friends are 3 miles away.
Profit and Loss
The amount earned or lost on the sale of one or more items is referred to as the profit or loss on that item.
Units and Measurements
Measurements and comparisons are the foundation of science and engineering. We, therefore, need rules that tell us how things are measured and compared. For these measurements and comparisons, we perform certain experiments, and we will need the experiments to set up the devices.
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