34. If 8% of chemical energy of 10,000 J is transferred from primary producers to primary consumers, such as caterpillars, and 8% of that energy is transferred from primary consumers to secondary consumers, such as certain birds, how much energy is available to the secondary consumers? 3

The chemical reaction equation for the conversion of ethanol (C2H5OH) to acetic acid (CH3COOH) is:   C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2OIn a vinegar production industry, acetic acid is produced from ethanol during the growth of the bacterium Acetobacter aceti, whose cellular composition is CH1,8O0,5N0,2. The biomass yield from substrate is 0.14 g/g, while the product yield also from substrate is 0.92 g/g. Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source. Based on this information, answer: (a) What is the oxygen demand for acetic acid production in this crop?(b) What are the cooling requirements of a bioreactor containing 3000 L of ethanol (ρ = 789 kg/m³), to be completely converted into acetic acid?

Find the flaws! Energy in a terrestrial ecosystem moves from the sun, to producer, to primary consumer, to secondary consumer, ending in a tertiary consumer. Producers are heterotrophs and consumers are autotrophs. Biomagnification in how the amount of toxin in an organism will increase as you move up a food chain. For example, a plant might only have a little toxin but an herbivore eats a lot of plants. So, now the herbivore has a medium amount of toxin. A carnivore eats a lot of herbivores and now the carnivore has a high amount of toxin and is sick. The water cycle has five important processes. Evaporation which is water turning into vapor. Condensation and precipitation refer to water vapor turning into liquid or solid water. Subsurface water flow feeds rivers and streams. Surface runoff is water from precipitation gathering in streams. Streamflow moves water from mountains to oceans. Carbon can cycle either quickly or slowly. “Fast” carbon cycling happens in biology.…

23 lon jackal wild cat goat rabbit grass unle 10) The diagram shows a food web. a) Which animals in this food web are eaten by the wild cat? b) Write a complete food chain that includes the goat and two other animals. c) The number of voles decreases. Explain how this may affect the number of rabbits. d) What do the arrows in a food web represent? e) Why are plants called producers? ----- and