3. Suppose there is a ten-kilometre-long two-lane highway from the suburbs to the city centre. It costs drivers twenty cents per kilometre in monetary costs plus ten cents per minute in the (opportunity) cost of their time travelling. Therefore, the total cost of the trip depends positively on the travel time. a. The number of vehicles per lane per hour (V) is the quantity and the total cost of the trip is the price. Suppose the (inverse) demand for travel is estimated to be p = 34.76 0.0183 V and the (inverse) supply of travel is estimated to be p = 0.04+0.0034 V. Find the competitive equilibrium price (total cost) and number of vehicles per lane per hour. - b. Since the more vehicles per lane per hour causes the average speed to be reduced, an additional vehicle per lane per hour not only increases the time travelled for that driver but also for all the other drivers as well. Suppose the extra time is estimated to be 0.016 additional minutes per vehicle per lane per hour. What is the cost in dollars to other drivers when an additional vehicle per lane per hour goes on the highway? Note this will be a function of the number of vehicles per lane per hour Cost to other drivers ivers(V) c. What is the deadweight loss associated with the competitive equilibrium compared to the efficient allocation? What is the 'congestion' tax rate per vehicle per lane per hour to that will lead to the efficient allocation of vehicles per lane per hour on the highway?

There is a debate about whether sterile hypodermic needles should be passed out free of charge in cities with high illegal drug use. Proponents argue that doing so will reduce the incidence of diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, that are often spread by needle sharing among drug users. Opponents believe that doing so will encourage more drug use by reducing the risks of this behavior. As an economist asked to assess the policy, you must know the following: (i) how responsive the spread of diseases like HIV/AIDS is to the price of sterile needles and (ii) how responsive drug use is to the price of sterile needles. Assuming that you know these two things, use the concepts of price elasticity of demand for sterile needles and the cross-price elasticity between drugs and sterile needles to answer the following questions. Which of the following would have to be true for this policy to be beneficial to cities? 0 The price elasticity of demand for sterile needles is relatively elastic. The…

What is the effect of an increase in the number of people working at home on the market for deodorant, all else equal? Show and explain the impact on Dx, Sx, P, Qdx, and/or Qsx assuming a competitive market for deodorant.

1. Consider the market for Widgets. Suppose that the equation for the supply curve is: Qs = 1,000P – 10,000, and the equation for the demand curve is: Qa = 50,000 – 2,000P. It turns out that the equilibrium price is 20, while the equilibrium quantity is 10,000. a. Use a 10% increase in quantity to estimate (crudely) both the elasticity of supply and the elasticity of demand at the equilibrium quantity. i) Categorize supply and demand as elastic or inelastic at the equilibrium quantity. ii) Is supply or demand relatively more inelastic at the equilibrium quantity? b. If the government enacted a tax of $3, the loss in consumer surplus would be 9,000, while the loss in producer surplus would be 18,000 (see Homework 2, question #2.) Compare this information to your answer to part (a). Explain. c. Now estimate (crudely) the elasticity of demand at a quantity of 11,000 by decreasing quantity by 1,000. Compare your estimate of elasticity to the estimate in part (a). Comment.

What is the current price of gasoline and how many gallons of gasoline do you currently buy per month? How many gallons would you buy next month and how would your behavior change if the price fell by $1.25 per gallon? Also, based on that information, what is your price elasticity of demand for gasoline? Be sure to show how you calculated your price elasticity of demand.     current price of gas = $2.53 gallons of gas per month = 72 gallons no change for next month On the average I fill my tank up 3 times a month each time I go I spend $60-$65

You have been asked to analyze what will happen to the New England market for electricity if the Winter 2022-23 (December 2022 through February 2023) results in much colder temperatures than Winter 2021-22 (December 2021 through February 2022), causing all residential customers to scramble for more electricity than they would typically need to heat their homes. Using your graph from Question 2, analyze the impact of this change in consumer desire for more electricity. Clearly show any shifts in demand and/or supply curve(s) that came about because of this exit. Label any shifted curves as D2 and/or S2. Clearly show the new market equilibrium. Label the new equilibrium price as P2 and equilibrium quantity transacted as Q2

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