3. Research the condition situs inversus (also known oppositus or situs transversus). This condition is found in approximately 0.01% of the population. Which lead configuration would produce the largest R wave in a subject with this condition? What would be the most likely axis of the heart for a subject with this condition?

The heartbeat includes: a. the systole when the heart relaxes and fills. b. the diastole when the heart contracts and empties. c. pressure that causes the AV valves to open, filling the ventricles. d. rising pressure in the ventricles to open the AV valves and close the SL valves. e. the lub sound when the SL valves open and the dub sound when the AV valves close.

14. Assume that a string is tied around the heart at the level shown in thediagram by the red line Assume also that the string is tied loosely enough tosimulate human first-degree heart block. State the effect of this procedureon the atria:ventricle contraction ratio AND explain the underlying physiologyrelated to the effect.

1 poi Which of the following best describes diastole? The atria contract which force the atrioventricular valves to close The ventricles contract forcing blood to leave the heart and the atrioventricular valves close The ventricles relax and re-fill with blood and the atrioventricular valves open Both atria and ventricles contract at the same time and all valves are open What is NOT the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells? Delivers CO2 from the body cells Binds and delivers 02 to body cells Involved in blood clotting Involved in fighting off bacteria and viruses H IA 1 point

10. If given a diagram of the heart, such as the one below, be able to identify each of the following parts of the conduction system: • sinoatrial (SA) node • • . spread of SA through the 2 atria atrioventricular (AV) node ● • • • 11. Trace the flow of impulses through the conduction system (step by step) and include at what points the following happen: 2 atria contract together AV node delay occurs AV bundle (=bundle of His) bundle branches Purkinje fibers Focus F

5.According to Steven et al., (2006), hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a medical terminology used to describe a spectrum of congenital heart malfomation exhbiting an array of underdeveloped structures in the left side of the heart. How does this affect the anatomical and physiological function of the left side of the heart? Read and analyze the question and choices CAREFULLY; more importantly, ALWAYS CHOOSE the BEST answer. The heart will have a difficulty in pumping oxygenated blood to all parts of the body The heart is bound to enlarge by loosening its myocardium after a few years. The heart will not be able to absorb oxygen from the lungs. The heart will exert too much pressure to deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

8. Define heart attack and infarct. How does atherosclerotic plaque affect the heart? 12. Explain how cardiac muscle cells in the SA node produce action potentials spontaneously and why the SA node is the heart’s pacemaker. 13. What is the function of the conduction system of the heart? Starting with the SA node, describe the route of an action potential as it goes through the conduction system of the heart.

30. Early defibrillation is critical for individuals with sudden cardiac arrest for the following reasons EXCEPT: O A common initial rhythm in out-of-hospital witnessed sudden cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation (VF). The most effective treatment for ventricular fibrillation (VF) is electrical defibrillation. O Individuals in asystole respond well to early defibrillation. O The probability of successful defibrillation decreases quickly over time.

1 point Which of the following best describes diastole? The atria contract which force the atrioventricular valves to close The ventricles contract forcing blood to leave the heart and the atrioventricular valves close The ventricles relax and re-fill with blood and the atrioventricular valves open Both atria and ventricles contract at the same time and all valves are open What is NOT the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells? O Delivers CO2 from the body cells Binds and delivers 02 to body cells Involved in blood clotting Involved in fighting off bacteria and viruses The system of blood vessels that carry blood between the lungs and the heart is called the: Systemic circuit Circulatory circuit Pulmonary circuit vascular circuit Why does blood turn dark red as it circulates through the body? It starts to clot. It gets old and dirty flowing through the body. The oxygen in the blood is replaced with carbon dioxide. The farther blood is from the heart, the darker red it is. ΟΟ 1 point…

5. Describe the conductions of electrical signals through the heart. answer this question with a narrative of the structures involved in initiating and coordinating the contraction of the heart. You need to include the function of each structure. Mention  pacemaker cells, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, internodal pathway, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, first degree block, second degree block, and third degree block.