3. In the second example, we will consider the case where the insurance contract involves a deductible this is an amount which is deducted from the final pay-out of the insurance firm in the case of a loss. In other words, the consumer bears this part of the loss herself. For this problem, assume a risk-averse, expected utility maximizing consumer with initial wealth wo who faces a potential loss of size L which will occur with probability p. Her utility-of-final-wealth function is denoted by u(.). Suppose that the consumer can purchase insurance coverage of C > 0 units of wealth from a perfectly competitive insurance firm at a premium of T per unit of coverage, but that the firm charges an additive deductible: if C units of insurance is purchased, the insurance firm pays out (C – d) if the loss occurs, where d >0 is a fixed amount independent of C. (a). For this problem, state the consumer's expected utility function. (b). Set up the consumer's utility maximization problem and find the optimal choice of C*. (c). If the price per unit of insurance is actuarially fair, i.e. if 7 = p, will the consumer choose to fully insure or under-insure? Provide reasons for your answer

7. Consider an individual whose utility function over money is u(w) = 1+2w. (a) Is the individual risk-averse, risk-neutral, or risk-loving? Does it depend on w? (b) Suppose the individual has initial wealth ¥W and faces the possible loss of Y. The probability that the loss will occur is . Suppose insurance is available at price p, where p is not necessarily the fair price. Find the optimal amount of insurance the individual should buy. You may assume that the solution is interior. (c) Is there a price at which the individual will not want to buy any insurance? If so, find it. If no, explain.

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Janet's broad attitude to risk (risk averse, risk neutral, or risk loving) is independent of her wealth. She has initial wealth w and is offered the opportunity to buy a lottery ticket. If she buys it, her final wealth will be either w + 4 or w – 2, each equally likely. She is indifferent between buying the ticket and not buying it. Janet offers her friend Sam (who has identical preferences and initial wealth) the following proposition: They buy the ticket together, and share the cost and proceeds equally. Sam has another idea: They buy two tickets (that have independent outcomes) and share the costs and proceeds equally. Suppose that Janet's and Sam's utility of income is given by u(x) = In x and the initla wealth of each one of them is equal to w = 4. Which of the following statements is true? O a. Both agents prefer Sam's solutions to Janet's solution. b. Both agents prefer Janet's solutions to Sam's solution. The agents are indifferent between Janet's solutions to Sam's solution.…