3) Describe the effects of the following malconstructions of the theodolite/total station, including diagrams andexplain how the effects may be dealt with in practice to minimise errors in angular observations.i. Eccentricity of instrument centresii. Imperfect graduationsiii. Plate bubble maladjustmentiv. Line of sight not perpendicular to trunnion (horizontal) axisv. Horizontal axis not perpendicular to vertical axis.

i) Eccentricity of instrument centersTheodolites and Total stations are the instruments that should…

Answered: 3) Describe the effects of the…

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The use of prism in reflector help to avoid error in a) O wave length b)O frequency C) O misalignment d) O misdirection DBoş bırak
(i) The following notes refer to the reciprocal levels taken with one level : Instrument station A B Staff readings on A B 1.03 1.630 0.95 1.540 Remarks Distance AB = 800 m R.L. of A = 450 m Find (i) True R.L. of B (ii) Combined correction for curvature and reflection (iii) The error in collimation adjustment of the instrument.
equivalent A theodolite was set up at station A and the staff reading on a B.M. of elevation 380.355 was 2.785m.The stall was then placed at station P' and the vertical angle reading at 3.0 mark of the staff was 8 28 40. Find the R.L. of station P' if the distance between the instrument and P' was 185m.
Which one of the following is not a temporary adjustment? a. Setting up the level b. Elimination of parallax O c. Bench mark O d. Leveling the instrument
Which of the following may cause errors in leveling measurement? (Multiple choice) (Multiple choice) 1 □ A. The level tripod sinks O B. Reading Error □ C. The instrument is not erected at approximately the same distance from front to back □D. Improper implementation of the centering of the level □ E. Subsidence occurred at the level where the level was erected □ F. Vertical dial error of the level
2. Assume the separation for A, B, and C. With the instrument midway between A and B the readings are A (3.458), B (2.116). With the instrument at C, the readings are A (4.244), B (2.914). Determine the collimation error, its direction, and the correct reading at as. Staff a2 b2 аз as Instrument B A 10 m 10 m 10 m
Wrong answer will be downvoted. An anallactic tacheometer in use on a remote survey was damaged und it was decided to use a glass diaphragm not originally designed for the instrument. The spacing to the outer lines of the new diaphragm was 1.25 mm, focal lengths of the object glass and anallactic lens 75 mm, fixed distance between object glass and trunnion axis 75 mm, and the anallactic lens could be moved by an adjusting screw between its limiting positions 75 mm and 100 mm from the object glass. In order to make the multiplier 100, it was decided to adjust the position of the anallactic lens, or if this proved inadequate, to graduate a special staff for use with the instrument. Make calculation to determine which course was necessary and if a special staff is required, determine the correct calibration and the additive constant.
11:15 PM ANSWERED Monday, Jan 31, 2022 ENGINEERING CIVIL-ENGINEERING Two hills 100 km apart has elevations of 80 m and 230 m respectively. What would be the minimum height of tower that could be constructed at B so that it would be visible from A considering the effect of curvature and refraction correction. Expert Answer Ⓒ Step1 a) Correction due to curvature and refracti... √x o Ơ 1 ....... BA98 X @ Do
7:43 E Worked examples: Use of stadia Tacheometry Formulae A 1" reading theodolite having a multiplying constant of 100 and an additive constant of 0 was centred and levelled a height of 1.48m above a point C of reduced level 46.87 A levelling staff was held vertically at points D and L in turn and the readings shown in the table below were taken Calculate (i)the reduced levels of points D and L (ii) the horizontat tength of DL Staff Staff Readings (m) Vertical circle readings Horizontal circle readings 3.240, 3.047, 2.853 87° 38' 53" 56" 49 31" 2.458, 2.230, 2.002 92° 21' 36" 98° 07' 18" 32 Dr. Mary Antwi's screen
(8) A tacheometer and the following a staff vertically held. was set up at a station C readings were obtained on Inst. Station Remark Staff Station BM RL of вмо = 750-50 0.750,1.500, 2.250 D m calculate the horizontal distance CD and RL of D When the constants of instrument are 100 and 0.15. Vertical angle -5°20' +8°12' Hair readings (m) 1.50, 1.800,2.450
Modular Questions M7-1 CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Neglecting the effect of tide and waves, determine how far out to sea a boat will be when a light on its mast 60 meters above the water disappears from the sight of a man on shore whose eye level is 1.583 m above the water. Man on Shore Point of Tangency Light on, Mast Herizontal Ling. Km -Sea Leyel hm : 1.583 m D = 60m M7-2 DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING. Preparing and complete the differential level notes for the information shown in the accompanying figure. Include the customary arithmetic check. Leveling Rod 3.90 (BS) HI4 0.35 (FS) Leveling Rod 0.68 HI, (BS) 3.75 (FS) HIz 1.64 (FS) 3.73 (BS) HI2 3.52 0.98 TP (BS) (FS) BM, (Elev 125.45m) TP, M7-3 PROFILE LEVELING. Figure shows a schematic arrangement of a profile level route from BM33 to BM34. The values indicated represent backsight, foresight, and intermediate foresight readings taken on stations along the route. Prepare and complete profile level notes for the portrayed information. Show…
what is the answer to b. i & ii? The slope distance between twostations A and B measured with EDM when corrected for meteorological conditions and instrument constants,is 113.893 m. Theheights of the instrument and reflector are 1.739 m and 1.839 m, respectively, above the ground. To measure the vertical angle a theodolite was set up at A, 1.665 m above the ground and a target at B having height above the ground as 1.632 m. The measured angle above the horizontal was + 4°22′18″. Determine a. The horizontal length ofthe line AB. b. To what precision the slope angle be measured: if the relative precision of the reduced horizontal distance is to be 1/100000. if the reduced horizontal distance is to have a standard error of ± 1.8 mm.

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