2c) If the whole potoroo genome is 4.2 x 10' bp, and the highly repetitive DNA in the potoroo genome is composed entirely of copies of the sequence 5'AAGACT' and its complement, how many copies of this sequence are present in the potoroo genome?
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2c) If the whole potoroo genome is 4.2 x 10' bp, and the highly
repetitive DNA in the potoroo genome is composed entirely of
copies of the sequence 5'AAGACT' and its complement, how
many copies of this sequence are present in the potoroo
genome?
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Solved in 2 steps
- See the attachment and answer the following parts of the question: A) If the binturong genome is 2.87 x 109 base pairs, and the "highly repetitive DNA" fraction is composed entirely of copies of sequence 5'ATGGTCC3' and its complement, how many copies of this sequence are present in the binturong genome? B) Briefly explain, in your own words, why the fraction of the binturong DNA fragments that reannealed relatively slowly took so much longer to renature than the other DNA fragments. C) If you took more of the same randomly generated 1000 bp fragments of binturong DNA (the same sample that you used in the equilibrium density gradient centrifugation experiment described in part a and the C0t curve described in part b of this question) and used them as a sample in agarose gel electrophoresis, how many bands would you expect to find in the gel when you turned off the current and stained the gel with ethidium bromide? Briefly explain why you would predict that number of bands.Given the fact that 1 fg of DNA = 9.78 * 105base pairs (on average), you can convert the amount of DNA per cell to the lengthof DNA in numbers of base pairs. (a) Calculate the number of basepairs of DNA in the haploid yeast genome. Express your answer inmillions of base pairs (Mb), a standard unit for expressing genomesize. Show your work. (b) How many base pairs per minute weresynthesized during the S phase of these yeast cells?If the bandicoot genome is 3.62 x 109 base pairs, and the "highly repetitive DNA" fraction is composed entirely of copies of sequence 5'TGCGTGTGTGC3' and its complement, how many copies of this sequence are present in the bandicoot genome?
- Although DNA transposons are abundant in the genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, class 1 elements usually make up the largest fraction of very large genomessuch as those from humans (~2500 Mb), maize (~2500Mb), and barley (~5000 Mb). Given what you knowabout class 1 and class 2 elements, what is it about theirdistinct mechanisms of transposition that would accountfor this consistent difference in abundance?Although DNA transposons are abundant in the genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, class 1 elements usually make up the largest fraction of very large genomes such as those from humans (~2500 Mb), maize (~2500 Mb), and barley (~5000 Mb). Given what you know about class 1 and class 2 elements, what is it about their distinct mechanisms of transposition that would account for this consistent difference in abundance?2b) If you denatured the random 1000 bp fragments of potoroo DNA by heating them to 95°C. and then cooled them down to 60°C and allowed them to reanneal, you would find that approximately 20% of the DNA fragments renatured very rapidly, another 30% of the DNAfragments renatured moderately rapidly, and the remaining DNA fragments renatured relatively slowly. From these results, whatfraction of the potoroo genome is composed of highly repetitiveDNA? helpful Information
- Give two different reasons for the much higher ratioof total DNA to protein-encoding DNA in the humangenome as compared to bacterial genomes.A molecular biologist is investigating homologous recombination. One aim of this study is to reconstitute stages of the process in vitro. (a) Draw diagrams to show how the four synthetic oligonucleotides below could base-pair to form a stable model Holliday junction. W 5’ GATCGCATTGTAGCCGTAGGTCCACTGTAA 3’ X 5’ GTCCCATACGTAGCCGTAGGACATGTACCG 3’ Y 5’ CGGTACATGTCCTACGGCTACAATGCGATC 3’ Z 5’ TTACAGTGGACCTACGGCTACGTATGGGAC 3’ (b) What is branch migration? (c) What is the name of the enzyme that resolves a Holliday junction into two separate DNA duplexes? (d) On your diagram, indicate how the Holliday junction can be resolved in two different ways and draw the structures of the products.3a)ClustalX software was used to perform multiple sequence alignment of thefollowing five Nco protein sequences designated as Nco1-Nco5 (the provided figure). A pair of degenerate primers was designed to PCR-amplify a DNA segment with the size of approximately 290 bp. With justification, discuss which amino acidsequence blocks would be suitable to design the forward and reverse degenerate primers.
- In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence: 3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? 4B. If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of haemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region. 4C. In NOT more than 200 words, explain how eukaryotic RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is modified before leaving the nucleus?5’ TAAGCGTAACCCGCTAA CGTATGCGAAC GGGTCCTATTAACGCAC 3’ 3’ ATTCGCATTGGGCGATT GCATACGCTTG CCCAGGATAATTGCGTG 5’ Imagine that the double-stranded DNA molecule shown above was broken at the sites indicated by spaces in the sequence and that before the breaks were repaired the DNA fragment between the breaks was reversed. What would be the base sequence of the repaired molecule? Show the sequence, label the 5’ and 3’ ends and briefly explain the reasoning supporting your answerIn the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence: 3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? 4B. If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of haemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.