27. The wetland plant purple loosestrife was imported to North America from Europe. Since its introduction, the loosestrife has spread, which has resulted in a dramatic decline in the biological diversity of native wetland plants and harmed the wetland ecosystem. A likely reason for the spread of the purple loosestrife is that it can A. successfully compete with native herbivores for food B. serves as an excellent food source for native herbivores C. successfully out competes with native plants for space D. prevent the migration of native plants 28. The best term to describe purple loosestrife would be A. non-native B. exotic C. invasive D. parasite 29. In some parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned to clear land for new homes and new farmland. A negative effect of these activities might be A. an increase in edge effect B. a decrease in the average temperature of the atmsphere C. an increase in biodiversity of the deforested areas

E 2安区 There are 50 species of parasitic wasps that prey on (eat) a wood-boring beetle. These wood-boring beetles kill the pine trees because their larva develop within and consume the tree if left unchecked by their predators. Three of these parasitic wasp species live in Forest A, while 47 of these parasitic wasp species live in Forest B. Corn farmers nearby have begun to use new pesticides. Assume that all the wood-boring beetles are protected from the pesticides by their woody homes. Is one forest less likely to see major losses of trees? If so, which one and why? Two sentences max. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). Paragraph BIUS XQ T "Ω Θ. Arial 88 EB V 10pt X²2X₂ & > ¶ AVI - ± (¹) ABC Ⓡ ✓ ***

Most trophic factors work in an endocrine fashion. a.) True b.) False

Primary Succession... A. is very uncommon B. must happen before secondary succession C. depends on forest fire

1. On the savannah of African exist two animals, the African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) and the Spotted Hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Both of these animals occupy a very similar niche in their community – a social carnivore, which hunts in packs. However, when their niche does completely overlap the Hyena will win the fight. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) If these two animals were to occupy the same habitat, knowing what you know about these populations, what do you think the outcome of these two populations would be? b) The African Wild Dog hunts at twilight, while the Spotted Hyenas hunt at night. This separation of niches allows for what ecological process to happen? Why is it important that this process happens? c) The population of African Wild Dogs is much smaller, and very isolated from one another. If you were trying to prevent this animal from going extinct – what would you focus your resources on conservation wise? (There are a number of answers for…

D. prevent the migration of native plants 28. The best term to describe purple loosestrife would be A. non-native B. exotic C. invasive D. parasite 29. In some parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned to clear land for new homes and new farmland. A negative effect of these activities might be A. an increase in edge effect B. a decrease in the average temperature of the atmosphere C. an increase in biodiversity of the deforested areas 30. Which action by humans could improve the quality f the air? A. building homes that use only oil (fossil fuel) furnaces for heat B. buying cars that get more miles per gallon of gasoline C. increasing the number of coal-burning power plants that generate electricity D. cutting down forests to clear land for factories

49. Chronic patchiness commonly occurs in which of the following cases of secondary succession? A. saguaro cactuses randomly distributed wherever nutrients happen to be (in the desert soil) B. pioneer shrubs producing aromatic chemicals to inhibit other plants (in the chaparral) C. pioneer species forming dense stands to stop seed germination by other plants (in forests) D. dune grass stabilizing sandy soils so that other species can grow there (in sand dunes) E. pioneer grasses forming thick mats to prevent other plants from germinating (in prairies)

In an inverted trophic pyramid, biomass is present in the secondary carnivores than in the primary producers. Compared to terrestrial systems, aquatic systems are likely to feature inverted pyramids. A. more; much more B. more; about as C. more; much less D. less; much more E. less; much less

1. Which processes remove nitrogen from the atmosphere? I. Fertilizer production II. Eutrophication III. Nitrogen fixation IV. Denitrification A. I and II B. I and III C. I and IV D. II and III Е. II and IV The net primary production (NPP) of a stable lake ecosystem is roughly equal to the amount of 2. A. phytoplankton present in the photic zone B. phytoplankton consumed by heterotrophs C. dissolved nutrients used by phytoplankton D. dissolved oxygen used by phytoplankton E. dissolved oxygen used by all consumers

Use the food web diagram to the right to answer questions 1-3 Squid Mackerel Bluefish Killifish Snapper Copepod Herring Diatoms Seal Larvae Orca