21. The following is correct about superantigens? A. cause autoimmune disease C. activates B cells 22. Perforins and granzymes are synthesized by the following cell? A. TH1 B. Th2 C. macrophages 72 The foll B. activates many T cells D. are high molecular wt proteins D. CD8+ T cells
Q: What major obstacle confronted Darwin’s theory of natural selection when it was first proposed? How…
A: Evolutionary biology owes much to Charles Darwin, whose discussions of common descent and natural…
Q: (r = 8 cm), respectively, construct a separation scheme for separating three subcellular structures…
A: Centrifuges are devices used to separate components dissolved in a fluid. They are used to separate…
Q: How does exercise influence the number of Glut transporters on the sarcolemma?
A: Glucose transporters are a diverse group of membrane proteins that facilitate glucose transport…
Q: In this experiment, 4 different organisms (A, B, C and D) were streaked on two nutrient agar plates…
A: Microrganisms are classified based on their nutrient requirement among which oxygen is one of the…
Q: Coprinus-a small mushroom. Draw at a low enough power to see the overall central structure and…
A: The tiny genus Coprinus, which produces mushrooms, includes Coprinus comatus, also known as the…
Q: Biopsies from aggressive cancers often have cells that contain several nuclei per cell when viewed…
A: Cancer is the stage of uncontrolled cell division.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using benzodiazepine hypnotics versus non -…
A: Introduction Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that can treat a range of conditions. Familiar…
Q: What is nomenclature
A: Later, Linnaeus divided all living organisms into two kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia. Whittaker…
Q: Explain how heterochrony could lead to the development of a long neck in giraffes, compared to its…
A: Heterochrony is also known as change in development timing and it is an important mechanism of…
Q: What are the 3 most important organelle in Plant cell? Why they are essential? — What are the 3 most…
A: A small organ-like structure present inside the cell is called a cell organelle. It has a…
Q: what is unique about cartilage?
A: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue. It is an important component of the body.
Q: Suppose that you have identified a new mutant cell line that lacks functional peroxisomes. Describe…
A: Cell line means a population of cells that can be maintained in culture for an extended period of…
Q: Wild type, rapid-cycling accessions of Arabidopsis, such as the Columbia (COL) lab line will flower…
A: Introduction : The stamen(pollen) and pistil(ovule), which produce male and female gametes, are…
Q: CELL Basic unit of le TISSUE A group of specialized cells that work together for a particular…
A: Answer: Option 3 is the wrong answer- molecules-atoms-organelles-organism-organ system All other…
Q: The cells shown in the image are from a rare species of plant and illustrate different stages of…
A: Cell division is an important process that helps to keep the cells growing in number. This enables…
Q: Define the following: chromosome, centromere, centrosome, kinetochore, mitosis, cytokinesis,…
A: Chromosome is derived from greek words - color meaning chroma and body meaning soma. It is present…
Q: 3. Are there any other modes of nutrition in animals? What are these and how relevant is it to that…
A: Every different types of animals show various methods of nutrition. A few creatures filter little…
Q: Identify components of an unknown sample I An unknown liquid sample is tested for chemical…
A: Introduction: Starch is made up of long chains of simple sugars that are linked together. Amylose, a…
Q: Create a conclusive summary and critique paper of "Student misconceptions about plant transport – a…
A: Introduction Transportation is a phenomenon that involves the movement of water and necessary…
Q: L Name the structure with the blue line across it. nd Osteon ETTE A
A: Introduction Bone is a solid bodily tissue made up of cells encased in a lot of dense intercellular…
Q: what are the ways on how protozoans eat?
A: Protozoans are eukaryotes with a single cell lacking cell walls. They consume both organic materials…
Q: In class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher…
A: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting various organ systems and the…
Q: 3. List five proteins of the myofilaments?
A: Myofilaments are the protein filaments of the myofibrils in muscle cells. These regulate contraction…
Q: List five proteins of the myofilaments
A: Muscle cell The cell membrane of the muscle fiber/cell is known as sarcolemma. Muscle fibers are…
Q: What are the other organelles that were nit included in the activity? Specify their function. The…
A: An organelle is a subcellular structure that, like an organ, has one or more specific jobs to do in…
Q: In tabular form, summarize the Similarities in the different movements across the cell membrane. —…
A: The plasma membrane is semi-permeable, allowing only certain molecules to pass through. Molecules…
Q: What does the neuron composition of the dorsal root ganglion tell you about sensory coding in the…
A: Step 1: Dorsal root ganglions (DRG) are sensory neurons that carry sensory messages from the…
Q: explain the function of glial cells.
A: Glial cell mainly help to protect and support the Neuron . There are many type of glial cell found…
Q: Organs
A: The question is about the hierarchial organization of a individual. The answer has been written in…
Q: Knowing the pathogenesis of TB, what virulence factors would you expect to see in this microorganism…
A: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs. However, it can also attack other…
Q: Review darwin's theory of natural selection. Write a 1-2 paragraph reflection explaining a) what you…
A: Charles Darwin developed the evolutionary hypothesis that altered how people view humanity. Despite…
Q: How is true microbial motility distinguished from other kinds of motion like Brownian movement that…
A: Q. How is true microbial motility distinguished from other kinds of motion like Brownian movement…
Q: Tree rings are caused by: Variation in the size of companion cells Variation in the size of sieve…
A: Explanation: Tree rings can be caused by a number of factors, including variations in the size…
Q: Brown Falcon, Heron,Wagtail ,Pigeon What is these four organisms size compared to how fast the…
A: Brown falcon refers to medium-sized raptors that are native to Australia and New Guinea. Herons are…
Q: What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water? a. Their bodies tend to take in too…
A: From the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration, diffusion occurs. It…
Q: The kidney is a target of several complicated pathways, but the effects can be summarized as the…
A: Introduction The posterior abdomen contains the kidneys, which are reddish-brown, bean-shaped…
Q: 4
A: A complementation test is used to determine the gene function in recessive alleles. It is also…
Q: Design a cross that would allow you to distinguish between two plants showing a dominant phenotype…
A: T dominant allele for tall plant t recessive allele for short plant T T ×…
Q: Describe the chemistry of each step
A: Note: According to guidelines only one question is to be answered at once. Please repost the other…
Q: Provide background about the coagulation of protein in dairy foods
A: Coagulation is the change in the structure of the protein due to the presence of acids, enzymes or…
Q: Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of…
A: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that carries messages in the form of chemicals from one nerve cell…
Q: What hormonal changes lead to menopause?
A: Menopause means the end of the menstrual cycle. Menopause generally occurs at the of 45 to 55. It…
Q: What was the composition of the earth’s atmosphere at the time of the origin of life, and how did it…
A: There was a significant difference in the atmosphere of the primitive earth and today's earth. The…
Q: Define the two alternatives of bisexual reproduction-parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism, and give a…
A: Sexual reproduction is the process of creating persons from gametes. The most popular type of sexual…
Q: 13 0 h D n d r 1 1 Pruc h のn e g 9 1 r e 22p 1 a n + C 21pe и ис r 0 15c 18 to Pl C + h 19cel r S 24…
A: Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which also performs numerous other critical…
Q: 1. To produce a specialized-transducing mycobacteriophage construct, a cosmid bearing the allelic…
A: Cosmids :- These are the vectors, which are constructed by using hybrids of lambda…
Q: Provide an explanation for the cooling effect of sweat in humans and pantin in dogs.
A: Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to maintain a core body temperature.
Q: Make a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the animal farming practices of the two settings…
A: Introduction Animal farming refers to the practices that involve the raising of animals such as…
Q: why are the immature cells important
A: In biology, we believe that cells are the basic building blocks of the life. They are the smallest…
Q: I just need enlightenment at where exactly did I go wrong or lack in this cladogram. There is no…
A: The animal kingdom is considered one of the largest kingdoms including all the animals. The animals…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 45. Which of the following would be involved in reacting to a first-time exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? a. a pre-7-10-day production of IgM b. activation of only T cells by T cells с c. memory B cells d. MHC I or II e. the macrophage as the first leukocyte arriving to the site of infection 46. The F region can do all the following except a. interact with pseudopods b. bind to B cells c. bind to T cells d. bind to pmns initiate endocytosis e. 47. Lysogeny can be linked to cervical cancer a. b. be linked to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections c. cause the production of a new bacterial strain d. be used as a possible cure for cancer e. all the above 48. Viruses that infect fungal cells probably recognize a. cholesterol b. ergosterol c. pencillin binding proteins d. DNA gyrase e. beta-lactamase 49. Which of the following would be an ineffective antiviral drug? a. one that blocks viral attachment b. one that inhibits viral nucleic acids replication c. one that destroys only the…12. The following does not participates in the intracellular activation of T cells? A. ITAM of CD3 B. ZAP-70 C. phospholipase gamma D. NF-AT transcription factor E. Ig alpha and beta 13. As a response to viral-infected cells, the following cell gets activated? B. TH2 C. TH3 A. TH1 D. TH1719. The following event does not occur in the germinal centers of activated B cells? A. somatic hypermutation. B. formation of memory B cells C. RNA recombination D. plasma cell formation 20. Features of T-independent immune response include? A. occurs in people that lack a functional thymus C. give rise to memory cells. 21 Thafall E. class switching B. production of IgG and IgA D. involve immunological synapse
- 1. Which of the following statements about CD4+ Th17 cells are true? i. Cannot form T effector memory (TEM) T cell populations ii. Require the master transcription factor RORgammaT for their development iii. Produce effector cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 which help recruit neutrophils and stimulate antimicrobial peptide production iv. Do not require the transcription factor NFAT for IL-2 production downstream of TCR activation v. Important for defense against intracellular bacterial infection only a. i and iii b. ii and v c. ii and iii d. ii, iii, iv e. i, ii, and iv1. which antibody isotypes is in lowest concentration in serum? a- IGA b- IgD c-IgG d-IgE e- IgM 2. A ruptured spleed was removed from a 37 year old car accident victim. what would be the consequences? a- lack of IgG producing B cells b- lack of IgA producing B cells c- Can't mature T cells d-Lack of IgG producing B cells e- can't activate macrophages14. Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are: A. eosinophils. B. macrophages. C. neutrophils. D. B cells 15. T helper cells recognize which of the following? A. Exogenous peptide bound to class II MHC B. Native extracellular viral proteins C. Endogenous peptides bound to class I MHC D. Microbe-specific structures 16. How are cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells similar? A. Both require antibędy to be bound to the target cell. B. Both induce apoptesis in the target cell C. Both recognize peptide plus MHC class I. D. Both kill target cells lacking MHC class I. 17. Perforin and granzymes are used by which cells to kill target cells? A. CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells B. CD4 T cells and natural killer cells C. Natural killer cells and B cells D. CD8 T cells and natural killer cells
- 16. Which cell type assist and interact with both humoral and cell-mediated immunity? A. Macrophages B. Cytotoxic T cells C. Memory T cells D. Helper T cells 17. Which of these cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity by destroying virally infected cells and rejecting organ transplants? A. Natural killer cells B. B cells C. Macrophages D. Cytotoxic T cells 18. Identify the junction between an axon and another cell. A. Synapse B. Presypnaptic cell C. Postsypnaptic cell D. Neurotransmitter29. T-cell dependent antigens can a. directly stimulate B cells to multiply and produce antibodies b. directly induce T cells to function с c. restrict antibody formation. d. directly activate macrophages e. directly activate Th cells 30. These are the normal ranges for IgG, IgM and IgA. IgG: 6.0 16.0 g/L; IgA: .8-3.0 g/L and IgM: .4-2.5 g/L. You measured these levels in your patient and received the following results: IgG: 10 g/L; IgM: 5.0 g/L and IgA: 1.5 g/L. Which of the following is a result of your patient's antibody levels? a. The presence of a high number of eosinophils b. The presence of a low number of basophils c. The presence of a high number monocytes d. The presence of a high number of natural killer cells e. The presence of a high number of pmns 31. T-cell independent antigens can a. directly stimulate B cells to multiply and produce antibodies b. directly induce T cells to function c. restrict antibody formation d. directly activate macrophages e. directly activate T₁…18. Antiviral proteins synthesized in response to the binding of interferon may target a. intracellular uncoating b. nucleic acid synthesis c. viral assembly C. d. viral ribosomes e. all the above except d 19. When a macrophage encounters S. aureus, which of the following will most likely not occur? a. The macrophage will indirectly induce the synthesis of an antibody b. The macrophage will activate T cells C. The macrophage will produce cytokines d. The macrophage will exhibit its phagocytic and antigen presenting traits e. a & b 20. Plasma cells are actually activated by a. an antigen b. a T cell c. a B cell d. a memory cell PRRS e. 21. Development of resistance to a particular antimicrobial is limited if the drug a. binds to several sites on the target molecule b. targets several different molecules c. affects only one molecule d. affects the plasma membrane e. a and b
- 1) Dysfunctional repair of DNA double strand breaks often results in SCID because: (Choose all that apply) DNA must be broken as part of B cell development. B cells fail to develop and instead die. а. b. С. DNA must be broken as part of T cell development. d. |T cells fail to develop and instead die.22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cell- mediated immunity? a. The cells originate in bone marrow b. Cells are processed in the thymus gland c. The activation of cell-mediated immunity can be suppressed d. They are antigen presenting cells e. All of the above are characteristics of cell-mediated immunity 23. All of the following could be possibly target sites for antimicrobials to limit the possibility of side effects except a. peptidoglycan b. parasitic glycolytic enzymes c. ergosterol C. d. RNA polymerase DNA gyrase e. 24. Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT a. persistent infections b. a bacteria expressing new genes c. transduction of genes C. d. the turning off of the host cell's transcriptional and translational machinery e. the definite destruction of an infected cell 25. Due to your patient's opsonization of a bacterial cell with C₂B, which of following did NOT occur a. interference of the patient's secondary viral infection b. bacterial cell…32. Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria and various strains of Gram-negative bacteria are considered to be a. isolate usable b. stress-induced spectrum c. narrow spectrum d. broad spectrum e. major spectrum 33. Aspirin is considered to be an anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, it would block which of the following? a. C3₂ b. perforins c. MHC I d. C3, e. Co 34. Which of the following characteristics is shared by innate and adaptative immunity? a. first line of defense b. skin c. complement d. production of lysozyme e. production of molecules that prevent attachment of the microbe to host cells
