20. During inspiration, ... a Tension is created b,/Hydrogen bonds are stretched c. Alveoli expand d. Water molecules are pulled apart e. All of these are correct

2.Describe the mechanisms involved in inspiration and expiration.

19.At high altitude alveolar ventilation increases as a result of? a. high PCO2 stimulating central chemoreceptors b. high PCO2 stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors c. low PO2 stimulating central chemoreceptors d. low PO2 stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors e. alkalosis stimulating both central and peripheral chemoreceptors

1. Bicarbonate in the plasma allows carbon dioxide to be transported without disrupting the of the blood. A. glucose level B. clotting proteins • C. pH D. immune function

11. During pneumonia, the fluid that enlarges the alveolar walls a. Causes permanent damage to the cells (b. Makes it harder to breath in С. Makes it easier to breath in d. Increases the distance air must diffuse across e. Does not affect diffusion but does affect cellular respiration

6. Diagram the path of airflow in and out of the lungs, identifying structures involved, and their functions. 7. Explain how the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration occur. 8.  Describe the pleura and its function

6. The arterial p02 is relatively low in an individual suffering from congestive heart failure because:   A .hemoglobin is mis-shapen and can’t bind adequate 02 B. pulmonary ventilation is compromised by the decrease in arterial pC02 C. bronchoconstriction increases the total amount of air in the alveoli D. 02 has difficulty diffusing through the fluid trapped in the lung tissue

5. What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? a. increase surface area b. exchange gases c. maintain surface tension d. maintain air pressure 6. The faucess connects which of the following structures to the oroph a. nasopharynx b. laryngopharynx c. nasal cavity d. oral cavity 7. Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? a. C-shaped cartilage wto allenco aon b. smooth muscle fibers C. cilia d. all of the above 8. Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree? a. alveoli b. ronchi C. terminal bronchioles d. respiratory bronchioles 9. What is the role of alveolar macrophages? a. to secrete pulmonary surfactant b. to secrete antimicrobial proteins C. to remove pathogens and debris d. to facilitate gas exchange