2.8.4 Example D 10 The equation Yk+1 = /2yk + 2 – 3/2yk (2.193) 76 Difference Equations corresponds to a hyperbola in the (yk, Yk+1) plane having asymptotes yk = 0 and yk+1 = slopes at (1, 1) and (3, 3) are, respectively, 2 and 2/3. Therefore, yk = 1 is an unstable fixed point, while 1/2yk + 2. There are two fixed points, Yk = 1 and Yk = 3. The Yk 3 is a stable fixed point.

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2.8.4 Example D
100
The equation
Yk+1 = /2yk + 2 – 3/2yk
(2.193)
76
Difference Equations
corresponds to a hyperbola in the (yk,Yk+1) plane having asymptotes Yk
and Yk+1
= 0
= 3. The
= 1 is an
1/2yk + 2. There are two fixed points, Yk = 1 and yk
slopes at (1, 1) and (3, 3) are, respectively, 2 and 2/3. Therefore, yk
unstable fixed point, while Yk = 3 is a stable fixed point.
A geometric analysis indicates that arbitrary starting points lead finally
to the stable fixed point. See Figure 2.10.
The first approximation to the solution of equation (2.193), near yk
is given by the expression
= 3,
Yk
3+ A(2/3)*,
(2.194)
where A is an arbitrary constant. Therefore, if we let
t = A(?/3)*, z(t) = Yk,
(2.195)
then equation (2.193) becomes
2t
2z(t)z
= 2(t)² + 4z(t) – 3.
(2.196)
We assume a solution of the form
2(t) = 3+t+ A2t² + A3t³ + ....
(2.197)
Substitution of this expression into equation (2.197) gives, respectively, for
the left- and right-hand sides
2t
2z(t)z
3
18 + 10t + 2/3(13A2 + 2)t?
+ 2%(35A3 + 10A2)t² + · · · ,
(2.198)
and
2(t)2 + 4z(t) – 3 = 18 + 10t + (10A2 + 1)t?
+ (10А3 + 2A2)t3 + ...
(2.199)
Transcribed Image Text:2.8.4 Example D 100 The equation Yk+1 = /2yk + 2 – 3/2yk (2.193) 76 Difference Equations corresponds to a hyperbola in the (yk,Yk+1) plane having asymptotes Yk and Yk+1 = 0 = 3. The = 1 is an 1/2yk + 2. There are two fixed points, Yk = 1 and yk slopes at (1, 1) and (3, 3) are, respectively, 2 and 2/3. Therefore, yk unstable fixed point, while Yk = 3 is a stable fixed point. A geometric analysis indicates that arbitrary starting points lead finally to the stable fixed point. See Figure 2.10. The first approximation to the solution of equation (2.193), near yk is given by the expression = 3, Yk 3+ A(2/3)*, (2.194) where A is an arbitrary constant. Therefore, if we let t = A(?/3)*, z(t) = Yk, (2.195) then equation (2.193) becomes 2t 2z(t)z = 2(t)² + 4z(t) – 3. (2.196) We assume a solution of the form 2(t) = 3+t+ A2t² + A3t³ + .... (2.197) Substitution of this expression into equation (2.197) gives, respectively, for the left- and right-hand sides 2t 2z(t)z 3 18 + 10t + 2/3(13A2 + 2)t? + 2%(35A3 + 10A2)t² + · · · , (2.198) and 2(t)2 + 4z(t) – 3 = 18 + 10t + (10A2 + 1)t? + (10А3 + 2A2)t3 + ... (2.199)
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