2.13 Calculate the reaction enthalpy, entropy, and free energy, AH°r, AS°r, and AGºr, for the amidation of glutamate to glutamine (1) at standard temperature, (2) at 37°C, and (3) at 75°C (a) taking into account the temperature dependence of AH and AS, and (b) assuming that AH and AS are temperature-independent. What can you conclude about the importance of Cp? What does the result mean for organisms that live at moderate temperature (37°C; mesophilic organisms) and

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Determine whether the following reactions will be spontaneous under standard biochemical conditions. Include calculations for Delta G in your answer. Use Table 13-7 in your textbook to help you.a) 2NADH + 2H+ + O2 --> 2NAD+ + 2H2Ob) Malate + FAD --> Oxaloacetate + FADH2c) Pyruvate + H2S --> Lactate + S

In many biochemical reactions which involves the formation of an enolate intermediate, the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate is coordinated to a divalent metal ion (usually zinc or magnesium) in the active site. Explain with structural drawings, how this ion-dipole interactions affect the acidity of the a-protons?

3L.6.2

24. Determine equilibrium constants for the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate (AG" is 61.9 kJ/mol) at pH 7 and 25°C: nariw (d)

3L6

82.16

3. 1,3-bisphosphglycerate has a high energy bond that can be used to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP according to the equation below. The free energy of hydrolysis of 1,3- bisphophoglycerate and ATP under standard conditions are -49.4 kJ/mol and -30.5 kJ/mol, respectively. If the [ATP] to [ADP] is about 4 in the cell, how much 1,3-bisphophoglycerate is needed relative to 3-phosphoglycerate to keep this formation of ATP spontaneous? -203PO. H- -OH -OPO3-² + ADP H- -OH -OPO3-² + ATP

1) Define metabolism and describe the importance of metabolism to life. 2) Calculate the change in free energy (∆G ) for the below reaction and answer the two follow up questions: Gfinal state = 3.4 kcal/ mol and Ginitial state = 10.7 kcal/ mol Recall: ∆G = Gfinal state – Ginitial state a. Is this a spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction? Explain. b. Is there energy released from this reaction which can be used to do work? Explain. 2) List four conditions which impact an enzymes rate of activity. Explain.