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Transcribed Image Text:2. What was the role of jatis in Indian society?
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Separate from the idea of the four varnas was the existence of
social groups called jatis. Jatis developed as Indian society shifted
away from herding and hunting to other occupations. Each jati was
generally associated with a particular job. Over the centuries, the
number of jatis grew, and their place in the social hierarchy became
very complex. The jatis were based on one's occupation, or job, as well
as birth, unlike the varnas.
In time, different jatis became associated with the four broader
varnas. Eventually, jatis became more rigid, evolving into what is
called the caste system. Hindu reformers like Indian freedom leader
Mahatma Gandhi criticized the ideas of hierarchy and discrimination
within the caste system, arguing that it had no place in Indian society
and did not fit with Hindu teachings.
Every jati usually had its own lifestyle, occupations, customs and
traditions, and rules about social interaction. Over time, certain
groups became excluded because they did work that other Indians
were unwilling to do or considered lowly, like handling garbage or
dead animals. People from these jatis were often not allowed to enter
houses of worship or attend many schools. They have been referred to
as Untouchables.
Today, while caste discrimination is illegal in India, it continues to
exist in some parts of the country. Many scholars point out that caste
practices are not as prevalent in urban parts of India and that very few
people of Indian descent living outside the Indian subcontinent still
identify by caste.
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